In three documentaries. Preliminaries:
The Beginning of the Revolutionary War:
The Birth of the Republic:
In three documentaries. Preliminaries:
The Beginning of the Revolutionary War:
The Birth of the Republic:
Young, Veronica, dir. Emily Dickinson. Documentary. 1988. With French subtitles. ("Emily DICKINSON – La Recluse incandescente"). YouTube (Éclair Brut) 24 April 2020.* (With Richard Sewall, Anthony Hecht, Adrienne Rich et Joyce Carol Oates).
2020
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) December 24, 2020
— Donald J. Trump (@realDonaldTrump) December 24, 2020
—oOo—
"The Star Spangled Banner," the United States of America's National
Anthem. Written in 1814 by Francis Scott Key (—yes, including the reference to the rockets in 1814).
From The Salon.com Guide to Contemporary Authors (2000)
Lessing, Doris (1919-[2013])
b. Kermanshah, Persia (now Iran) [Premio Príncipe de Asturias 2001, Nobel Prize for Literature 2007]
FICTION: The Grass is Singing (1950), This Was the Old Chief's Country (stories, 1952), Martha Quest (Children of Violence series, 1952), A Proper Marriage (Children of Violence series, 1954), Five: Short Novels (1955), Retreat to Innocence (1956), The Habit of Loving (stories, 1958), *The Golden Notebook (1962), A Man and Two Women (stories, 1963), African Stories (1964), Landlocked (Children of Violence Series, 1966), The Four-Gated City (Children of Violence sereis, 1969), Briefing for a Descent Into Hell (1971), The Temptation of Jack Orkney and Other Stories ([republished as Volume 1 of Collected Stories, 1978] 1972), The Summer Before the Dark (1973), The Memoirs of a Survivor (1975), To Room Nineteen (Volume 2 of Collected Stories, 1978), The Diaries of Jane Somers (including The Diary of a Good Neighbor (1983)and If the Old Could (1984), originally published under the pseudonym Jane Somers], 1984), The Good Terrorist (1985), The Fifth Child (1988), The Real Thing: Stories and Sketches (1992), Canopus in Argos: Arvhives ([contains Colonized Planet V, Shikasta (1979), The Marriage between Zones Three, Four, and Five (1980), The Sirian Experiments: The Report of Ambien II, of the Five (1981), The Making of the Representative for Planet 8 (1982), Documents Relating to the Sentimental Agents in the Volyen Empire (1983)], 1992), Playing the Game: Graphic Novel (1993), Winter in July (Stories, 1993), Love, Again (1996), Mara and Dann (1999), [The Sweetest Dream, 2001, The Cleft, 2007]
NONFICTION: Going Home (1957), In Pursuit of the English (1961), Particularly Cats (1967), A Small Personal Voice: Essays, Reviews, Interviews (1975), Prisons We Choose to Live Inside (1987), The Wind Blows Away Our Words (1987), African Laughter: Four Visits to Zimbabwe (1992), Under My Skin (Volume 1 of My Autobiography, 1949-1962, 1994), Walking in the Shade (Volume 3 of My Autobiography, 1949-1962, 1997), [Time Bites (2004), Alfred and Emily (2008), On Not Winning the Nobel Prize (2007)]
For over half a decade, Doris Lessing has turned her prolific pen to just about every prose form—fiction, autobiography, essays, drama. Yet all of her writing stems from the impulse to lay bare the grid of class, race, and gender relations that governs her middle class characters' lives. Lessing brings the microscopic intensity of George Eliot and the combative sexual consciousness of D. H. Lawrence to bear on English culture, whether the context is the provincially hierarchical "settler" society of Southern Rhodesia in A Proper Marriage or the beleaguered bohemia of "free women" in The Golden Notebook. Lessing's reputation as one of the most important novelists of the post-World War II period rests firmly on her contribution to the grand tradition of English social realism. Yet Lessing herself once dismissed George Eliot, to whom she is so often compared, as "good as far as she goes"; she prefers to claim the more cosmopolitan influence of Tolstoy and Balzac.
Indeed, this apparently most British of writers was thirty years old before she set foot in England or published her first novel. Her upbringing on a farm in Southern Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe) acquainted her more thoroughly with the isolation and racial exploitation of white colonial culture than with an imperial literary heritage. Her formal schooling ended at age fourteen, and in Under My Skin, the first volume of her autobiography, Lessing notes with pride the real accomplishments of her youth: the ability to "set a hen, look after chickens and rabbits, worm dogs and cats, pan for gold, take samples from reefs, cook, sew, use the milk separator and churn butter, go down a mine shaft in a bucket, make cream cheese and ginger beer . . . drive the car, shoot pigeons and guineafowl for the pot, [and] preserve eggs." By the time she left for London in 1949, she had augmented these accomplishments with two divorces, three children, the obloquy of Communist party membership and anti-apartheid agitation, and the unpublished draft of her first novel.
Colonia race relations, political activism, and the burdens of women have remained her central concerns. Her first novel, The Grass Is Singing, about a farmer's wife drawn into a doomed affair with an African worker, approaches its material from a distance. Lessing infuses a simple plot with the intensity of a Greek tragedy. She portrays the wife's murder by the African, Moses, as the inevitable outcome of male violence and female passivity fostered by white settler culture. Lessing depicts the white experience of colonial Africa more urgently and directly in her five-novel Children of Violence sequence (1953-1969), in which she embeds the sexual, political, and intellectual development of her protagonist, Martha Quest, in a detailed evocation of the communist and progressive political and intellectual life of Rhodesia and London in the 1950s and 1960s.
Anna Wulf, the novelist heroine of Lessing's most celebrated work, The Golden Notebook, continued Martha's quest: political activism, sexual experimentation, maternity, female friendship, and authorship all feed into her struggle for authentic, integrated selfhood. The declarative simplicity of the novel's opening line—"The two women were alone in the London flat"—belies the explosive effect on several generations of women intellectuals struggling to reconcile the life of the mind, the imperatives of the body, and hte gender roles they inherited from the 1950s. But as Lessing herself insists, The Golden Notebook achieved innovations bneyond its contribution to what she dismissively terms "the sex war." The novel combines omniscient observation, Anna's own musings in four different journals, and sections from Anna's novel manuscript. These interwoven narratives capture both an individual consciousness and a particular cultural moment with something of the multilayered depth of James Joyce's Ulysses.
Public events shape private histories in Lessing's novels, often violently. In The Good Terrorist, for example, middle-class Alice Mellings keeps house for a pseudo-communist cadre until a too-successful bombing destroys her illusion of control. In the chilling The Fifth Child, terror emerges from the bosom of the family, when Harriet Lovatt gives birth to the sociopathic Ben, the embodiment of a disaffected savagery that, Lessing suggests, will inherit the urban future. Lessing anatomizes a less dramatic, but perhaps more pervasive, anguish in The Diary of a Good Neighbor, If the Old Could . . . , and Love, Again, in which women whose familial nad productive relationships have passed away confront the isolation of aging.
Lessing's scary genius lies in her ability to bring her readers face-to-face with an unadorned reflection of some of our more depressing, but all too human, features. At the same time, her realism has always coexisted with a tendency towards mysticism. Her novels of the 1970s compellingly combine a surface of social and geographic detail with journeys into an inner space that Lessing has described, in The Real Thing, as "so much more intelligent than the slow, lumbering, daylike self." In the haunting Memoirs of a Survivor, for example, worlds separated by time and space interpe etrate through the vision of the unnamed female narrator, enabling her to save herself and her companions from extinction. But when Lessing leaves humanity entirely behind, as she does in the science fiction sequence Canopus in Argos: Archives (1979-1983), her depictions of warring galactic empires lack the individuality and emotional insight she brings to earthly society. In Lessing's most recent novel, Mara and Dann, she returns once again to the theme of earthly apocalypse, with human, if visionary, protagonists.
In Under My Skin, Lessing describes her long-ago attempts to explain to her young children her departure from their lives: "[I told them] I was going to change this ugly world, they would live in a beautiful world where there would be no race hatred, injustice, and so forth . . . One day they would thank me for [leaving] . . . I was absolutely sincere. There isn't much to be said for sincerity, in itself."
It is typical of Lessing to emphasize the limits of good intentions, even her own. Yet in doing so, she paradoxically underlines her dedication to a more rigorous sincerity, a vision as stripped of illusion as her art can make it.
See Also: Writers who share Lessing's unsentimental vision of contemporary mores include Margaret Atwood, Diane Johnson, and Alison Lurie.
—Laura Morgan Green
"Me pregunto por qué su país se ha mostrado tan injusto con él. Los lectores norteamericanos le consideran morboso y a América no le gusta estar representada por tan malsano poeta. Y es rechazado con más ira todavía porque América lleva en su seno ese desequilibrio que el genio de Poe significa como una flor tenebrosa, un grandioso lirio nocturno entre los dedos de la muerte."
Edgar
A. Poe, un escritor maldito
Aun con toda su aridez, los citados datos biográficos señalan un
destino: un hombre afectado por circunstancias particulares, pero que
no logró hallar en la sociedad en que vivía las respuestas, los
valores, el contorno que le hubieran permitido reconstruirse tal como
él desearea: feliz y equilibrado, dueño de su vida y de su pensamiento.
Se percataba de ello y en toda su obra intenta explicarlo: no deleitándose
en la descripción de su infierno, sino poniendo de relieve sus
esfuerzos para salir de él.
Poe navega contra la corriente literaria de su época. Hace justicia a
Cooper y a Irving, aunque no crea en su genio, pero debate contra sus
epígonos Cooke, Coob, Southworth, Holmes e Ingraham, simples románticos
aficionados, que mezclan lo real, lo novelesco y los convencionalismos.
A las "novelas-río" de moda, Poe opone "la literatura de revista", o
semanario, cuyo éxito popular, según él, no significa, "como suponen
algunos críticos, una decadencia del gusto", sino que es "un genio de
nuestro tiempo, de una época en que los hombres sienten necesidad de
cosas breves, escuetas y bien digeridas". En este caso no se trata
simplemente de una estética de la concisión opuesta a una estética de
la incontinencia verbal, sino del papel que debe desempeñar el escritor
ante las necesidades del público.
Eugene Gladstone O'Neill, US dramatist, Irish stock, b. New York, son of a playwright; sailor and gold prospector; realist-symbolist dramatist; psychological analyst of character, pessimist; Nobel Prize 1936; d. Cape Cod.
Works
O'Neill, Eugene. The Emperor Jones. Tragedy. 1920, 1921.
_____. Anna Christie. Drama. 1921, 1922. (On prostitution).
_____. The Hairy Ape. Drama. 1922.
_____. The Great God Brown. Drama. 1925.
_____. Mourning Becomes Electra. Dramatic trilogy. 1931. (Oresteia adapted to US Civil War)
_____. The Iceman Cometh. Drama. 1946.
_____. Long Day's Journey into Night. Drama. Written 1940-41, pub. 1956. (Pulitzer Prize 1957).
_____. To a God Unknown. Novel. 1933.
_____. Tortilla Flat. Fiction. 1935.
_____. The Grapes of Wrath. Novel. 1939. (Pulitzer prize for fiction 1940).
_____. East of Eden. Novel. 1952.
Hughes, Langston. "As I Grew Older." Poem. All Poetry.*
https://allpoetry.com/As-I-Grew-Older
2019
_____. "I, too." Poem. Poetry Foundation.*
https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/47558/i-too
2019
(US dramatist, b. Thomas Lanier Williams, Mississippi, son of a traveling salesman, St. Louis 1918-, U of Missouri, worker, nervous breakdown, then Washington U and U of of Iowa, writer under name Tennessee, lived around USA and Mexico, success with Glass Menagerie. Homosexual relationships with Donald Windham and others; wild gay lifestyle, literary prestige decayed in later career, increasing interest in sadism and violence, self-destructive and addictive old age)
_____. The Glass Menagerie. Drama. 1st performed 1944.
_____. A Streetcar Named Desire. Drama. 1947.
_____. The Rose Tattoo. Drama. 1950.
_____. Cat on a Hot Tin Roof. Drama. 1955. (Pulitzer Prize).
A modern performance of A Streetcar Named Desire (not the Elia Kazan film):
(Arthur Asher Miller, US dramatist; b. New York City, son of Austrian-Jewish immigrants, father well-to-to illiterate manufacturer, ruined in the Depression; manual worker and student, grad. U of Michigan 1938, friend of drama theorist Kenneth Rowe; l. Brooklyn, married Mary Slattery 1940, exempted from military service; Communist contacts, ps. "Matt Wayne"; 2 children, affair with Marilyn Monroe 1951; divorced wife and m. Marilyn Monroe 1956, quarrelled with Elia Kazan; testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee 1956 as suspected Communist, blacklisted; divorced Monroe 1961 and m. Ingebord Morat 1962 (Morat d. 2002), 2 children, 1 with Down syndrome, never visited by him; campaigned for dissident writers in USSR; inducted to the American Theatre Hall of Fame 1979; lived with painter Agnes Barley from 2002; Pulitzer Prize, National Medal of the Arts 1993; PEN Award 1998; Dorothy and Lillian Gish Prize 1999; Jefferson Lecture 2001; Príncipe de Asturias Prize 2002; Jerusalem Prize 2002; President of PEN international 1965)
Works
Miller, Arthur. All My Sons. Drama. 1947. (Tony Award for best Author).
_____. Death of a Salesman. Drama. First performed Broadway, Morosko Theatre, dir. Elia Kazan, 1949. (Tony Award for Best Author; New York Drama Circle Critics' Award, Pulitzer Prize for Drama).
_____. The Crucible. Drama. 1953. (Spanish trans.: Las brujas de Salem).
_____. A View from the Bridge. Drama. 1955. (1st version in verse; rev. as longer play in prose).
_____. After the Fall. Drama. 1964. (On his life with Monroe).
_____. Incident at Vichy. Drama. 1964. (Antisemitism, denial).
_____. Broken Glass. Drama. 1994. (Kristallnacht).
Una representación en español de The Crucible (Las Brujas de Salem, 1973):
Este blog fue utilizado como material auxiliar para una asignatura del grado de Lenguas Modernas en la Universidad de Zaragoza, asignatur...