UNIT 6: LITERATURA INGLESA Y NORTEAMERICANA 1900-1960
SECCIÓN B,
TEMA 6: LITERATURA INGLESA Y NORTEAMERICANA 1900-1960
_______________
NIVEL AVANZADO:
Un autor norteamericano muy popular de principios del siglo XX que nos cae fuera del programa es Jack London. Se estrenó hace poco una película inspirada en una de sus novelas, Martin Eden.
Martin Eden. Dir. Pietro Marcello. Based on
Jack London's novel. Italy/France, 2019.
https://www.imdb.com/title/tt4516162/
De Jack London es
especialmente memorable su relato sobre una pandemia apocalíptica, "The
Scarlet Plage". Su interés va más allá de lo meramente literario. Aquí
puede leerse algo más sobre Jack London y la epidemiología evolutiva.
- OTROS AUTORES NORTEAMERICANOS 1900-1960
_______________
Recordad que ya
podéis ir leyendo y estudiando los textos de esta
sección, que están en la segunda parte de vuestro bloque de fotocopias.
Para dudas y consultas sobre ellos y sobre los autores de la sección B,
podéis anotarlas y enviármelas por correo a garciala@unizar.es
En este tema 6 tratamos (en orden inverso, empezando por abajo) autores ingleses y norteamericanos de principios y mediados del siglo XX. Seguidamente pasamos al tema 7, Literatura inglesa 1960-2000.
_____________
Terminamos el TEMA 6 con unas notas sobre Vladimir Nabokov, clásico moderno de dos idiomas, ruso e inglés,
—y
con una panorámica sobre Samuel Beckett, otro clásico bilingüe en
inglés y francés:
SAMUEL BECKETT (1906-1989)
Anglo-Irish
and French modernist bilingual writer, conservative bourgeois family,
born in Foxrock, Ireland; studied at Portora School, Trinity College
Dublin, and the Sorbonne; lived in Ireland, then Paris; loved cousin
Peggy Sinclair; bohemian lifestyle, expatriate skeptic vs.
Catholic tradition; admirer and assistant of James Joyce in the 30s; m.
Suzanne Deschevaux-Dumesnil; member of the Resistance, lived in hiding
in Roussillon during 2nd WW; experimental writer and dramatist in
English and French, world success as "absurdist" dramatist with Waiting
for Godot; developed an ascetic aesthetics of impotence, decay,
minimalism and impoverishment, writing ever shorter and denser
works; Nobel Prize 1969; international success but reclusive
character; often directed his own plays; lived and died in Paris)
_____.
En attendant Godot / Waiting for Godot. Drama, 1951. 1954.
_____. Molloy. Novel. 1951. In English,1955.
_____. Malone meurt / Malone Dies. Novel. 1951. 1956.
_____. L'Innommable / The Unnamable. Novel.
1954. 1958.
_____. Fin de partie /Endgame. Drama. 1954. 1958.
_____. Krapp's Last Tape / La Dernière bande. Drama.
1958. 1959.
_____. Happy Days / Oh les beaux jours. Drama. 1961.
1963.
_____. Play / Comédie. Drama. 1963. 1964.
_____. Not I / Pas moi. Drama. 1973. 1975
______. Stirrings Still (Soubresauts). Prose. 1988. 1989.
- The New Drama: Beckett and Osborne (Andrew
Sanders).
- "Samuel Beckett." In Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia.*
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Beckett
- En YouTube se pueden ver varias obras de Beckett. Por ejemplo, Catastrophe.
O la que hemos incluido como lectura obligatoria, Krapp's
Last Tape.
____________________
NIVEL AVANZADO:
- Un audio en français sur Beckett: Une vie, une œuvre.
- Samuel Beckett's experimental fiction, in THE NEW NOVELISTS OF THE 1950s.
- Vladimir Nabokov: A documentary and a lecture on Lolita.
________________________
________________________
E. E.
CUMMINGS (1894-1962)
Edward
Estlin Cummings, US man of letters, modernist poet, dramatist and
novelist; b. Cambridge, MA; grad. Harvard, Master of Arts 1916,
ambulance volonteer in France, unjustly accused of treasonable
correspondence 1st WW, defender of individualism and creative
eccentricity vs. social regimentation, 20th-c. Transcendentalist.
Works
Cummings, E. E. The Enormous Room. Narrative. 1922.
_____. Tulips and Chimneys. Poems. 1923.
_____. &. 1925.
_____. is 5. Poems. 1926.
_____. ViVa. 1931.
_____. (Untitled work). 1930.
_____. Eimi. 1933.
_____. Tom. 1935. (Satirical ballet based on Harriet Beecher
Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin).
_____. No Thanks. 1935.
_____. 50 Poems. 1940.
_____. I x I. 1944.
_____ . XAIPE. 1950.
_____. Poems: 1924-1954. 1954.
_____. 95 Poems. 1958.
_____. 73 Poems. 1963. (Posth.).
_____. Complete Poems, 1904-62. 1993.
- Unas notas sobre el poeta modernista
norteamericano e.
e. cummings.
Y otro poeta modernista inglés. Notas clicando en su nombre:
W.
H. AUDEN (1907-1973)
Wystan Hugh Auden, modernist English poet, born in York;
anglo-catholic family; studied at Gresham's School, Holt and Christ
Church,
Oxford; homosexual, 1928 stay in Berlin with Isherwood, 1930s
taught in Scotland and Downs School, Birmingham; professional writer
late 30s, leftist sympathies before the war, turned conservative
thereafter, cultivated Christian humanism and literary tradition; trips
to Spanish War and China; expatriate in US 1939; US citizen c. 1946,
lived
half-year in Europe and USA with life partner Chester
Kallman in New York; summer stays in Ischia
and
Kirschtetten; honorary Professor of Poetry U of Oxford, 1956-60s; died
in
Vienna.
Auden, W. H. Poems.
1930.
_____. Look, Stranger! Poems.
1936.
_____. "Spain 1937." Poem. 1937, 1940.
_____. "In Memory of W. B. Yeats." Poem. 1939.
_____. "In Time of War." Sonnet sequence. 1939.
_____. Another Time. Poems.
1940.
_____. New Year Letter. Poems.
1941.
_____. The Age of Anxiety. Poems.
1947.
_____. The Shield of Achilles.
Poems. 1955.
_____. Homage to Clio. Poems.
1960.
_____. About
the House. Poems. 1965.
_____. Los señores del límite:
Selección de poemas y ensayos (1927-1973). 2007.
____________________________________________
Sección B, NIVEL AVANZADO:
- Dos influyentes críticos de
la sociedad moderna y sus tendencias distópicas: Huxley
y Orwell
—muy relevantes los dos en la era 2020.
La distopía de Orwell se hace realidad.
-
Un documentaire, en français, sur Le meilleur des mondes et 1984—
...aujourd'hui.
- Orwell
en España: Rebelión en la pocilga
___________
- Los
poemas de Sylvia Plath, poeta feminista y suicida.
- Dylan
Thomas, poeta galés, recita uno de sus poemas en la radio.
__________________________________________
WILLIAM FAULKNER (1897-1962)
_____. Soldier's Pay.
Novel. 1926.
_____. Mosquitoes. 1927.
_____. Sartoris. Novel. 1929.
_____. The Sound
and the Fury. Novel. 1929.
_____. As I Lay
Dying. Novel. 1930.
_____. "A Rose for Emily." Story. 1930.
http://www.eng.fju.edu.tw/English_Literature/Rose/el-text-E-Rose.htm
2012
_____. Sanctuary. Novel. New
York: Random House, 1931.
_____. Light in
August. Novel.
1932.
_____. Pylon. Novel. 1935.
_____. Absalom,
Absalom! 1936.
_____. The Wild Palms. Novel.
1939.
_____. The Hamlet. Novel.
1940. (Vol. 1 of the Snopes trilogy).
_____. The Big Sleep. Film
script based on Raymond Chandler's novel.
1946.
_____. Go Down, Moses.
Stories / novel. 1942.
_____. Collected Stories of William
Faulkner. 1950.
_____. Requiem for a Nun.
Novel. 1951.
_____. A Fable. Novel. 1954.
_____. The Town. Novel. 1957.
(Vol. 2 of the Snopes trilogy).
_____. The Mansion. Novel.
1959. (Vol. 3 of the Snopes trilogy).
William Faulkner was a US southern writer, major modernist novelist
and
story writer; b. William Harrison Falkner in New Albany, Mississippi;
l. Oxford, Lafayette county; Nobel Prize for Literature 1949; Pulitzer
Prize 1955, 1962; d. Byhalia, Mississipi. He is best known for his
complex narrative style involving the memories and mental worlds of
characters, and for his portraits of Southern society. Faulkner's South
is scarred by the legacies of racism and slavery, with deep-set social
divisions as traditional rural communities both decay and endure amid
twentieth-century disruptions.
ON
FAULKNER'S NOVEL THE SOUND AND
THE FURY.
An introduction to Hemingway and Faulkner (by Richard Gray)
http://vanityfea.blogspot.com.es/2012/12/hemingway-and-faulkner.html
____________________________________
ERNEST HEMINGWAY
(1899-1961)
_____. In Our Time.
Stories. 1925.
_____. The Sun
Also Rises.
Novel. 1926. (= Fiesta)
_____. Men
Without Women.
Stories. 1927.
_____. A Farewell
to Arms.
Novel. 1929.
_____. Death in
the Afternoon.
Essay. 1932.
_____. Winner Take Nothing. Stories.
1933.
_____. Green
Hills of Africa.
Novel. 1935.
_____. To Have and Have Not.
Novel. 1937.
_____. The Fifth Column and the
First Forty-Nine Stories. 1938.
_____. For Whom
the Bell Tolls.
Novel. 1940.
_____. Men at War. Stories.
1942.
_____. The Old
Man and the Sea.
Novel. 1952.
_____. The Dangerous Summer.
Report. 1960.
_____. A Moveable
Feast.
Memoir. 1964.
_____. Islands in the Stream. Novel.
1970.
_____. The Garden of Eden.
Novel. 1986.
_____. True at First Light.
Novel. 1999.
Hemingway was a major US novelist and short story writer; doctor's son,
second of six
children, b. Oak Park, Illinois; father committed suicide; reporter at
Kansas City Star volunteer ambulance driver in Italy 1st WW, wounded
and decorated; USA 1919, married and settled in Paris as foreign
correspondent 1921, reporter at Greco-Turkish war 1922, "Lost
Generation" expatriate with Ezra Pound, Fitzgerald and Gertrude Stein;
became Catholic, reporter at the Spanish War and anti-Nazi activist
during World War II; left-wing sympathies,
lived in Key West and Cuba; travelled widely; wrote modernist fiction with aesthetics of
impersonality and spare realistic style, journalist, traveller,
sportsman, big-game hunter and
sporting fisherman; socialite, divorced, several marriages and
divorces; alcoholic, suffered severe accidents, Nobel Prize for
Literature 1954, seriously ill, electroshock sessions, committed
suicide in Ketchum, Idaho.
______________________
SECCIÓN B, nivel AVANZADO:
- Hemingway
and others.
- Un audio en français sur Ernest Hemingway: Une vie, une œuvre.
______________
VIRGINIA WOOLF
(1882-1941)
English woman of letters, modernist writer and forerunner of feminist
criticism, b. at High Park Gate as Adeline Virginia Stephen, daughter
of scholar Leslie Stephen and Julia Duckworth; lived in Bloomsbury,
London, 1904-, nucleus of the "Bloomsbury Group" of intellectuals and
artists; contributor to the Times
Literary Supplement;
married Leonard Woolf 1912; leading modernist novelist and critic;
loving "lesbian" friendship with writer Vita Sackville-West; suffered
frequent mental disturbances and heard voices; committed suicide by
drowning in the river Ouse, Sussex.
_____. The Voyage Out. Novel.
1915.
_____. Night and Day. Novel.
1919.
_____. "The Mark on the Wall." Experimental prose. http://www.online-literature.com/virginia_woolf/855/
_____. Jacob's Room. Novel.
1922.
_____. Mrs.
Dalloway. Novel. London: Hogarth, 1925.
_____. The Common Reader.
1925.
_____. To the
Lighthouse. Fiction. 1927.
_____. Orlando: A Biography.
Novel. 1928.
_____. A Room of
One's Own. 1929.
_____. The Waves.
Novel. 1931.
_____. The Years. Novel.
1937.
_____. Between the Acts. Experimental
novel. 1941.
_____. The Moment and Other Essays.
1948.
_____. A Writer's Diary.
_____. Moments of Being. Memoirs.
_____. The Diary of Virginia Woolf.
Why should you read
Virginia Woolf ?
El
grupo de Bloomsbury, círculo modernista bohemio chic de Londres.
"Virginia Woolf: Huerto, jardín
y campo de batalla." Conferencia de
Laura Freixas,
http://www.march.es/conferencias/anteriores/voz.aspx?id=2961&l=1
_____________________
Sección B, NIVEL
AVANZADO: Virginia Woolf
______________________
Muchos autores quedan fuera de
programa, entre ellos algunos de los más
populares actualmente—Stephen King, Agatha Christie.... Como no podemos
incluir
más autores en el programa, para curiosear sobre estos "fuera de
programa" os remito a
la Wikipedia, que es excelente sitio para empezar—incluyendo los
autores del programa. Aquí Agatha Christie
(en la edición inglesa mejor, claro).
En SparkNotes http://www.sparknotes.com
encontráis abundantes materiales didácticos sobre literatura inglesa, introducciones, guías de estudio, etc.
______________________
Un autor norteamericano muy popular
de principios del siglo XX que nos cae fuera del programa es Jack
London. Se estrenó hace poco una película
inspirada en una de sus novelas, Martin Eden.
Martin Eden. Dir. Pietro Marcello. Based on Jack London's novel. Italy/France, 2019.*
http://redaragon.elperiodicodearagon.com/ocio/cine/pelicula.asp?id=35560#trailer
2020
De Jack London es
especialmente memorable su relato sobre una pandemia apocalíptica, "The
Scarlet Plage". Su interés va más allá de lo meramente literario. Aquí
puede leerse algo más sobre Jack London y la epidemiología evolutiva.
- OTROS AUTORES NORTEAMERICANOS 1900-1960
_______________
T. S. Eliot (1888-1965)
Thomas
Stearns Eliot, US/British poet, critic and dramatist; b. St Louis;
Ph.D.
Harvard; st. France and Germany, l. London, bank clerk at Lloyd's;
married
Vivienne Haigh-Wood, expressed disgust with sex in poetry; unhappy
marriage,
wife with mental problems, separated 1933; married Vivien Eliot 1957;
l.
London; conservative social critic, influential modernist poet and
critic,
poetic dramatist; anti-modernist in ideas, "classicist, anglo-Catholic
and
monarchic"; w. as poetry ed. for Faber and Gwyer, later Faber and
Faber; major
influence on English-speaking literary world; Order of Merit 1948;
Nobel Prize
for Literature 1949; d. London.
______________________________
Sección B: Drama, T. S. Eliot, Modernism: NIVEL
AVANZADO
______________________________________________
JAMES JOYCE
(1882-1941)
Expatriate Irish writer, leading modernist,
experimental novelist; lived a bohemian life in Trieste and then Paris;
famous for his
representation of the 'stream of consciousness' of his characters in
narrative, and for his complex multilayered wordplay and intertextual
allusions. Joyce is the ultimate model for 'difficult' and elitist
Modernist
literature, initially censored in English-speaking countries on grounds
of obscenity.
Joyce, James. Dubliners.
Short
stories. 1914.
_____. Exiles. Drama.
_____. Stephen Hero. Novel.
_____. A Portrait
of the Artist as a
Young Man. Novel.
1916. (Rewriting of Stephen Hero).
_____ . Ulysses. Experimental
novel. Paris, 1922.
_____. Collected Poems. 1937.
_____. Finnegans Wake. Experimental
novel. 1939.
- An introduction to James Joyce, from the Norton
Anthology.
- Jorge Luis Borges, "Conferencia sobre James Joyce." (audio): https://youtu.be/i_ZTt_JQXRU
______________________
SECCIÓN B, James
Joyce - NIVEL AVANZADO.
_______________
Empezamos la sección B con un premio Nobel irlandés, W. B. Yeats:
W. B. YEATS (1865-1939)
Anglo-Irish poet; b. Sandymount, Dublin; son of
painter J. B.
Yeats; lived in London 1874-83; later in Dublin / London / Sligo;
associated to the folk Irish
revival in late 19th, then Modernist poet and close friend of Ezra
Pound; a superstitious believer in
occultism and magic, he held anti-bourgeois aristocratic ideals and
sympathized with Fascist movements and traditionalism. He was in love
with nationalist
Maud Gonne, but was rejected by her; he married a "psychic" wife,
'George' Hyde-Lees in 1917; Irish Free
State senator allied to the interests of the Protestant landed classes
and a friend
of Lady Gregory, he promoted with her the Irish National Theatre at the
Abbey Theatre and lived in a tower in her land; Nobel Prize for
Literature 1923.
Yeats, W. B. "The
Madness of
King Goll." Poem.
1884, pub. 1887.
_____. "The Wanderings of Oisin." Poem. 1889.
_____. "The Lake Isle of Innisfree."
Poem. 1890.
_____. "The Sorrow of Love." Poem. 1891.
_____. The Countess Kathleen. Drama.
1892.
_____. Crossways. Poems.
1892.
_____. The Rose. Poems.
1893.
_____.
"Who Goes with Fergus?" Poem. 1893.
_____. The Land of Heart's Desire.
Drama.
1894.
_____. The Wind among the
Reeds. Poems.
1899.
_____. The Shadowy Waters.
Dramatic
poetry. 1902, 1906.
_____. In the Seven Woods.
Poems.
1903.
_____. The Green Helmet and Other
Poems.
1910.
_____. Deirdre. Drama.
1906.
_____. Responsibilities.
Poems.
1914.
_____. "Easter 1916." Poem. 1916.
_____. "The Second Coming." Poem. 1919
http://www.potw.org/archive/potw351.html
_____. The Wild Swans at Coole.
Poems. 1919.
_____. "An Irish Airman
Foresees His
Death." Poem. 1919.
http://www.thebeckoning.com/poetry/yeats/yeats.html
_____. Michael Robartes and the
Dancer. Poems.
1921.
_____.
"Leda and the Swan." Poem.
1923.
_____. "Among School Children." Poem.
1926.
_____. "Sailing to Byzantium." Poem.
1926
_____. The Tower. Poems.
1928.
_____. The Winding Stair, and Other
Poems. 1933.
_____. A Full Moon in March. Poems.
1935.
_____.
"Under Ben Bulben." Poem. 1938.
An
introduction to W. B. Yeats, from the Norton Anthology.
With links to further criticism.
Wikipedia is also a good resource
for all our writers in section B: W. B. Yeats.
_______________________
Sección B, NIVEL
AVANZADO: A
Yale lecture on Yeats.
_______________________
Comenzamos la sección B con los autores del siglo XX. Recordad que los autores de la sección B no entran como tema de redacción: sí como preguntas cortas, y como comentario/traducción. Son para preparación individual, con los materiales que iré añadiendo aquí...
... y con el manual que os habéis comprado, sin duda. Aquí está el manual recomendado, el de Alexander:
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9a3FSxKl6ZlV0dkUkJSWHR0dEU/view?usp=drivesdk (Michael Alexander: A History of English Literature)
PDF (The Short Oxford History of English Literature)
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