miércoles, 15 de diciembre de 2021

4. Literatura inglesa del siglo XIX

Terminamos, con la unidad 4, nuestras lecciones presenciales sobre literatura inglesa. Sigue la literatura inglesa en la Sección B (no presencial), unidad 6: literatura inglesa del siglo XX.

Algunos de los manuales recomendados, pueden encontrarse en la web en PDF. Aquí hay dos de ellos:

PDF (The Short Oxford History of English Literature)

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9a3FSxKl6ZlV0dkUkJSWHR0dEU/view?usp=drivesdk   (M Alexander, A History of English Literature)

—pero es más que recomendable que compréis manuales y los tengáis para uso vuestro. La literatura norteamericana no está incluida en estos manuales; se estudia en otros manuales, que tenéis recomendados en el programa.


En el blog iré poniendo materiales adicionales, pero como pregunta de tema para examen entrarán únicamente los principales autores que aprarecen destacados en el programa, en negrita.  Alguna pregunta corta sí que puede caer sobre autores del siglo XX, así como traducción/comentario.






H. G. WELLS         (1866-1946)

_____. The Time Machine. Novel. 1895.
_____. The Island of Doctor Moreau. Novel. 1896.
_____. The Invisible Man. Novel. 1897.
_____. The War of the Worlds. SF novel. Serialized 1897.
_____. The First Men in the Moon. Novel. 1901.
_____. The Food of the Gods. Novel. 1904.
_____. Kipps. Novel. 1905.
_____. The War in the Air. Novel. 1908.
_____. Ann Veronica. Novel. 1909.
_____. Tono-Bungay. Novel. 1909.
_____. A Short History of the World. 1922.
_____. The Shape of Things to Come. New York: Macmillan, 1935.
_____. The Mind at the End of Its Tether. 1945.



Herbert George Wells, b. lower middle class, Bromley; British man of letters, science fiction and realist fiction writer, reviewer and man of letters, and leading socialist intellectual; began as working class teacher, married cousin Isabel, divorce, married pupil Amy Catherine a.k.a. "Jane", a wife tolerant of his sexual freedom, mother of 2 sons, Gip and Frank; lover of novelist Dorothy Richardson, of young Rosamund Bland; of novelist Violet Hunt;  had 1 illegitimate daughter, Anna Jane, with young lover and 'New Woman' Amber Reeves, later Amber Blanco White; lover of young writer Rebecca West, had a son by her, Anthony West; lover of 'New Women' like countess Elizabeth von Arnim, Odette Keun, and Russian spy Baroness Moura Budberg;
had very many other minor sexual affairs; public scandal with suicidal lover Hedwig Verena; apostle of free love and cult of progress; Leninist apologist, internationalist, linked early on to Fabian Socialism and later to League of Nations committees, travelled in Russia, France, Switzerland, Spain and the USA, world-famous man of letters and progressive international intellectual; Ph.D. U of London 1943.



Profetas de la Ciencia Ficción: H. G. Wells




Unos apuntes sobre la obra de H.G. Wells


H.G. Wells: Una película sobre su vida.    También un documental biográfico.



Y aquí una película "retrofuturista" basada en su novela Things to Come.

En Mind at the End of its Tether,
H. G. Wells reflexiona, al final de su vida, sobre la naturaleza y límites de las ilusiones humanas como guías para la acción, y concluye con un escepticismo desolador ante la muerte de las ilusiones que sustentan el mundo en que vivimos—que tiene de ilusión colectiva más de lo que solemos sospechar.






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El 13 de diciembre seguiremos viendo escritores británicos del XIX: Tennyson, Hopkins y Wilde. A continuación, con H.G. Wells terminamos el tema 4 y volvemos atrás en el tiempo para tratar los comienzos de la literatura norteamericana.



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Otros autores significativos de la época victoriana:

 

Thomas Carlyle - Past and Present, The French Revolution

Matthew Arnold - Culture and Anarchy

William Makepeace Thackeray - Vanity Fair, Esmond,

Charlotte Brontë - Jane Eyre

Emily Brontë - Wuthering Heights

Robert Browning - Dramatic Lyrics.

Elizabeth Barrett Browning- Sonnets from the Portuguese

Christina Rossetti - "Goblin Market" 

Algernon Charles Swinburne - Poems and Ballads, Chastelard

Thomas Hardy - Far from the Madding Crowd, Jude the Obscure,

Lewis Carroll - Alice in Wonderland 

Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure Island, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde,

Rudyard Kipling - Kim, The Jungle Book



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OSCAR WILDE        (1854-1900)
Anglo-Irish writer and dandy, b. Dublin, st. Trinity College, Dublin, and Magdalen College, Oxford; l. London; journalist, poet, prose writer and dramatist, brilliant conversationalist and socialite, m. Constance Lloyd 1884 (d. 1898); loved Lord Alfred Douglas; imprisoned for homosexuality 1895-97; d. Paris.
_____. Poems. 1881.
_____. The Duchess of Padua. Tragedy. 1883.
_____. The Happy Prince and Other Tales. 1888.
_____. The Picture of Dorian Gray. Novel. 1890.
_____. Intentions. Essays. 1891.
_____. Lord Arthur Savile's Crime and Other Stories.
_____. A House of Pomegranates. Stories. 1891.
_____. Lady Windermere's Fan. Drama. 1892.
_____. Salomé. Drama. 1892.
_____. A Woman of No Importance. Drama. 1893.
_____. The Sphinx. Poem. 1894.
_____. Poems in Prose. 1894.
_____. An Ideal Husband. Drama. 1895.
_____. The Importance of Being Earnest. Comedy. 1895.
_____. The Ballad of Reading Gaol. 1898.
_____. Epistola: In carcere et vinculis / De Profundis. 1891. Memoir/letter to Lord Alfred Douglas. 1896.




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- Una introducción a Oscar Wilde (Some notes on Oscar Wilde).


- Una conferencia de Fernando Galván sobre Oscar Wilde.

- A video tutorial on The Importance of Being Earnest.




 
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NIVEL AVANZADO: Oscar Wilde


Una buena película reciente sobre Wilde:  

The Happy Prince / La importancia de llamarse Oscar Wilde.

Y otra más antigua:


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GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS     (1844-1889)

_____. "The Wreck of the Deutschland."
_____. "Pied Beauty."
_____. "The Kingfisher."
_____. "The Windhover."
 _____. "God's Grandeur".
_____. "Carrion Comfort."
_____. "No Worst, There is None."
_____. "That Nature Is a Heraclitean Fire...."

All these in:
_____. Poems. Ed. Robert Bridges. 1918.


Victorian poet, st. Oxford, converted to Catholicism after Newman, became Jesuit priest, repressed homosexual, inner torments and acute health problems, burnt early poems, spiritual poems were published posthumously by Robert Bridges; proto-Modernist stylist, cultivated 'sprung rhythm'.


Una introducción a Hopkins. 

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Nivel AVANZADO:

Dos conferencias sobre Gerard Manley Hopkins.


Una mesa redonda sobre Gerard Manley Hopkins.


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ALFRED LORD TENNYSON     (1809-1892)



Tennyson, Alfred (Lord). Poems, Chiefly Lyrical. 1830.
_____. "The Lady of Shalott." Poem. 1832, 1842.
_____. "Morte d'Arthur." Written 1833-38. In Poems. 1842.
_____. "Ulysses." Poem. Written 1833, pub. in Poems. 1842.
_____. Poems. 1842 (including material from 1830 and 1832).
_____. The Princess. Poem. 1847.
_____. In Memoriam A. H. H. Poem. 1850.
_____. "Ode" on the Death of Wellington. 1852.
_____. "The Charge of the Light Brigade." Poem. 1854.
_____. Maud, and other Poems. 1855.
_____. The Idylls of the King. Poems. 1859-1885.
_____. Enoch Arden etc. Poems. Moxon, 1864.
_____. The Holy Grail and Other Poems. 1869.
_____. Queen Mary. Drama. 1875.
_____. Harold: A Drama. 1876.
_____. Ballads and Other Poems. 1880.
_____. The Falcon. 1884.
_____. The Cup. 1884.
_____. Becket. Drama. 1884.
_____. The Works of Alfred Tennyson, Poet Laureate.  1884.
_____. Tiresias, and Other Poems. 1885.
_____. Demeter and other Poems. 1889.



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Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Una panorámica sobre su obra.


Canción de Loreena McKennitt sobre uno de los poemas artúricos de Tennyson, The Lady of Shalott: http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/174626




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Tennyson: NIVEL AVANZADO


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Lo mejor del teatro inglés victoriano son, posiblemente, las operetas cómicas de Gilbert & Sullivan.  Aquí una de ellas, Patience. 

 

 

O quizá una película musical sobre otra opereta, The Pirates of Penzance. Se pueden oír todas las operetas de Gilbert&Sullivan en YouTube.


 

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Nuestros siguientes autores para esta última semana de noviembre son, de tres en tres: 

- los poetas románticos Wordsworth, Keats y Byron

- los novelistas Mary Shelley, Dickens y George Eliot.

 

 



GEORGE ELIOT     (1819-1880)

George Eliot, pseudonym of Mary Ann [later Marian] Evans, English novelist, b. Warwickshire; quarrelled with her father on her leaving the Church; self-taught in Continental writing and philosophy; went through intellectual/erotic infatuations and love affairs with intellectual men, some married; assistant ed. of the Westminster Review 1851; lived with G. H. Lewes c. 1854-1878; successful realist novelist and skeptic moralist; first ostracised as scandalous and then successful socialite; married young admirer John Walter Cross 1880 and died; left no children.

  _____.  trans. (unsigned). The Life of Jesus, Critically Examined. By David Friedrich Strauss. 1846.
_____, trans. The Essence of Christianity. By Ludwig Feuerbach. London, 1854.
_____. Scenes of Clerical Life. Stories. 1857.
_____. Adam Bede. Novel. 1859.
_____. The Mill on the Floss. Novel. 1860.
_____. Silas Marner. Novel. 1861.
_____. Romola. Novel. Serialized in the Cornhill Magazine. 1863.
_____. Felix Holt, the Radical. Novel. 1866.
_____. Middlemarch: A Study of English Provincial Life. Novel. 1871/2.
_____. Daniel Deronda. Novel. 1874-76.



Apuntes sobre George Eliot.

Resumen de Middlemarch .






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NIVEL AVANZADO:


George Eliot: A Scandalous Life


George Eliot (audio at Oxford University).

A lecture by Rebecca Mead on George Eliot's Middlemarch.

Uno de los amigos e inspiradores de George Eliot fue Herbert Spencer. Aquí hay unanota sobre su influyente teoría de la evolución cósmica.
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Empezaremos diciembre con Mary Shelley y Dickens. Traed los textos a clase.





CHARLES DICKENS         (1812-1870)
Victorian novelist, playwright and journalist; b. near Portsmouth; run-down middle-class family, son of a clerk in the Navy pay office, father imprisoned for debt, unhappy childhood experience when forced to work as a child in a factory, apprenticed clerk, stenographer at Parliament, journalist at the Morning Chronicle, married Catherine Hogarth; had many children; in love with sister-in-law, soon dead; lover of young actress Ellen Ternan, separated from wife Catherine 1858; world success and fortune as writer of serialized novels; friend of John Forster, Wilkie Collins, etc., energetic socialite and amateur actor;  travels in USA and Italy; anti-slavery advocate in America, philanthropist and social reformer, launched periodicals (Household Words, Daily Mail), popular entertainer with public reading tours of his novels, d. of heart failure.
_____. Sketches by Boz. Serialized in Old Monthly Magazine. 1836-37.
_____. The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Serialized novel. 1836-37.
_____. The Adventures of Oliver Twist. Novel. 1837-8.
_____. The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby. Novel. 1838-9.
_____. The Old Curiosity Shop. Novel. Serialized in Master Humphrey's Clock. 1840-41.
_____. Barnaby Rudge. Novel. Serialized in Master Humphrey's Clock. 1841.
_____. American Notes. 1842.
_____. A Christmas Carol. 1843. (Other Christmas stories in the 40s, 50s and 60s).
_____. Martin Chuzzlewit. Novel. 1844.
_____. Pictures from Italy. Travel book. 1846.
_____. Dombey and Son. Novel. 1846-1848.
_____. David Copperfield. Novel. Serialized 1849-1850.
_____. Bleak House. Novel. Serialized 1852-1853.
_____. Hard Times. Novel. Serialized in Household Words, 1854.
_____. Little Dorrit. Novel. Serialized 1855-1857.
_____. A Tale of Two Cities. Novel. 1859.
_____. Great Expectations. Novel. Serialized 1860-1861.
_____. Our Mutual Friend. Novel. 1864-5.
_____. The Mystery of Edwin Drood. Unfinished novel. 1870.





Life of Dickens —and main works—from the Oxford Companion to English Literature. 





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NIVEL AVANZADO

Cazamian on Dickens as a social novelist.

Charles Dickens (Victorian Values)—some notes from Stephen Coote's handbook.





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Dickens en cine: Algunas películas


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MARY SHELLEY    (1797-1851)

Mary Shelley, née Mary Godwin, English woman of letters, novelist and prose writer; daughter of Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin; m. Percy Bysshe Shelley 1816.

_____.  (Anon. pub.). Frankenstein,or, The Modern Prometheus. Novel. 1818.
_____. Valperga. Novel. 1821.
_____. The Last Man. Novel. 1826.
_____. The Fortunes of Perkin Warbeck. Novel. 1830.

_____. Lodore. Novel. 1835.
_____. Essays and Letters. 1839.
_____. Rambles in Germany and Italy. Travel book. 1844.







Ballesteros, Antonio. "Mary Shelley y Frankenstein: La creación de un mito y suproyección en la literatura fantástica victoriana." Conferencia en la Fundación Juan March.
    https://www.march.es/conferencias/anteriores/voz.aspx?p1=101521&l=1


Una pequeña introducción a Mary Shelley.

Sobre Mary Shelley y Frankenstein, nos remitiremos además
a este documental de la serie "Profetas de la Ciencia Ficción".




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NIVEL AVANZADO: Mary Shelley
 

La novela de Mary Shelley The Last Man, sobre una mortífera pandemia global que acaba con la humanidad, es modelo y precedente de toda una "plaga" de literatura pandémica y apocalíptica. En la Unidad 6 podéis leer sobre Jack London y "La Peste Escarlata." Con respecto a la actual pandemia del coronavirus, sin embargo, conviene tener en cuenta otros factores culturales e históricos. Véase por ejemplo este vídeo sobre control global y pandemia, que es de 2014—no de 2020. Esto también es, a su manera, literatura de anticipación.

Otra ficción reciente que recreaba un evento apocalíptico era The Road, de Cormac McCarthy. Aquí una nota sobre la novela, y la película.

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Mary Shelley's FRANKENSTEIN - A film directed by Kenneth Branagh (1994).

 

 

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LORD BYRON    (George Gordon, 1788-1824)

George Gordon Noel, Lord Byron, English romantic poet, b. London, member of the Chamber of Lords; abandoned England 1816, travels in Europe; Italy and Greece; libertine with innumerable erotic affairs, fascinated and scandalized his social circle; friend of Shelley, fought vs. Turks on Greek side pro independence, d. Missolunghi, Greece; individualist, skeptic, hedonist, satirist of social conventions.


_____.
Hours of Idleness. Poems.
_____. Childe Harold's Pilgrimage. 1812-1818.
_____. The Giaour. Verse romance. 1813.
_____. The Corsair. Verse romance. 1814.
_____. The Bride of Abydos. Verse romance.
_____. "Darkness." Poem. 1816.   
_____. Domestic Pieces. 1816.
_____. "Prometheus." Poem. 1816.
_____. Manfred: A Dramatic Poem.  1817.
_____. Beppo. Verse romance. 1818.
_____. Mazeppa. 1819.
_____. Don Juan, an Epic Satire. Satirical epic. 1818-23, pub. 1919-24.
_____. Cain. Tragedy. 1821.
_____. "The Vision of Judgment." Poem. 1822.
_____. "January 22nd. Missolonghi: On This Day I Complete my Thirty Sixth Year." Poem. 1824.







Lord Byron and his Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (BBC).

 

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NIVEL AVANZADO: Sobre la hija de Byron, Ada:

- Ada Lovelace, la primera programadora

- El sueño de Ada Byron

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Nuestro siguientes autores serán dos poetas románticos, Wordsworth y Keats. Leeremos en clase de los dos, así que traed los textos.

 

 

JOHN KEATS     (1795-1821)

English romantic poet; modest middle class family, apprenticed and licensed as apothecary 1816, met Leigh Hunt and Shelley, travelled to the Lakes, Scotland and Ireland with Charles Armitage Brown and settled with him 1817; in love with Fanny Brawne; financial problems, suffered from tuberculosis, attacked by Lockhart and other reviewers; travelled to Italy, d. Rome. BIOGRAPHY OF JOHN KEATS.

_____.  Poems by John Keats. London: Ollier, 1817.
_____. Endymion. 1818.
_____. "The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream." Fragmentary epic poem. 1819, pub. 1857.
_____. "Ode to Autumn."  pub. 1820 with:
_____. "Ode on Melancholy."
_____. "Ode on a Grecian Urn."
_____. "Ode to a Nightingale."
_____. Lamia, Isabella, The Eve of St. Agnes, and Other Poems.  1820. 
_____. The Letters of John Keats, 1814-1821.

_______. "Why Did I Laugh Tonight?" 1819, pub. 1848.  




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John Keats (NIVEL AVANZADO)

 

 


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NIVEL AVANZADO:  Otros poetas románticos.

KUBLA KHAN un célebre poema visionario de Samuel Taylor Coleridge. 

Y de Percy Bysshe Shelley, "Ode to the West Wind".

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WILLIAM WORDSWORTH     (1770-1850)

English romantic poet; country middle-class childhood in Cumbria, school with future wife Mary Hutchinson; orphaned as a boy, left Cambridge; fought for inheritance; radical youth, travelled to France during Revolution, 1 illegitimate secret child there, returned to England, disillusioned with Terror, depressed by personal and historical turmoils; friends and german travels with Samuel Taylor Coleridge; later friends with Walter Scott, De Quincey and Sir George Beaumont; married and lived in Grasmere, Lake District, with sister Dorothy and wife Mary (1802); 5 children with Mary, lost 2 children; official position at the post office administration; later lived in the South and  turned conservative Victorian sage, retired in the Lake District, Ambleside; received legacies and help for his poetry, pensioned in 1842, then Poet Laureate 1843. Known for his poetry of the emotions, of memories and of intensely-lived experience, expressed in a simpler language reacting against 18th-c. poetic diction.

 

_____.  Descriptive Sketches. 1793.
_____. Lyrical Ballads, with Pastoral and Other Poems. 1800. (With some poems by S. T. Coleridge).     
_____. The Prelude. 1st version, 1799; rev. 1805; 1st pub. in 3rd rev. version, 1850.
_____. "Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood." 1802-4, pub. 1807.
_____. "Tintern Abbey."
_____. Poems. 1807.  ("The Solitary Reaper")

_____. The Excursion. Poem. 1814.










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En nuestra Sección B, estamos ya en el último tema: 8. Literatura norteamericana desde 1960. 

A principios de diciembre tendréis ya en red todo el material para la sección B, temas 6-7-8. 

 

 

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Con Mary Wollstonecraft cerramos el siglo XVIII; con Blake ya pasamos al XIX, y a continuación empezamos la Unidad 4 (Literatura inglesa del siglo XIX).

Primero Austen y Walter Scott—traed las lecturas—, y a continuación más poetas románticos: Wordsworth, Keats,  Byron, Mary Shelley. Luego seguirán Dickens, George Eliot, Tennyson, Hopkins, Wilde y Wells.  Traed los textos por ese orden a clase.

Los textos van siendo selecciones más largas de novelas, etc.; procurad asignaros (y mantener) un horario para lecturas. La lectura sistemática con diccionario es imprescindible para desarrollar el tipo de dominio de la lengua que puede aportar sólo la literatura.

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SECCIÓN B: En la sección B del programa, para estudio fuera de clase, vamos añadiendo ya los últimos autores del tema 8 y último—Literatura Norteamericana 1960-2000.

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SIR WALTER SCOTT     (1771-1832)

_____, ed. The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border. 1802-3.
_____. The Lay of the Last Minstrel. Poem. 1805.
_____. Ballads and Lyrical Pieces. 1806.
_____. Marmion: A Tale of Flodden Field. Poem. 1808.
_____. The Lady of the Lake. Poem. 1810.
_____. Rokeby. Poem. 1813.
_____. Waverley, or 'Tis Sixty Years Since. Novel.  1814.
_____. Guy Mannering, or, The Astrologer. Novel. 1815.
_____. The Field of Waterloo. Poem. 1815.
_____. The Antiquary. Novel. 1816.
_____. Old Mortality. Novel. 1816.
_____. Rob Roy. Novel. 1817.
_____ . The Heart of Midlothian. Novel. 1818.
_____. Tales of My Landlord: Third Series. (The Bride of Lammermoor and A Legend of Montrose). Novels. 1819.
_____. Ivanhoe, a Romance. Novel. 1819.
_____. The Monastery, A Romance. 1820.
_____. Kenilworth: A Romance. 1821.
_____. The Pirate. Novel. 1821.
_____. The Fortunes of Nigel. Novel. 1822.
_____. Quentin Durward. Novel. 1823.
_____. Redgauntlet, A Tale of the Eighteenth Century. Novel. 1824.
_____. Tales of the Crusaders (The Betrothed and The Talisman). 1825.
_____. Woodstock; or, The Cavalier. Novel. 1826.





Walter Scott, Scottish novelist, poet and scholar; st. law at Edinburgh U, bar 1792; m. Margaret Charlotte Charpentier 1797; successful poet, printer with James Ballantyne; contributor to Edinburgh Review; built Abbotsford mansion; promoted Tory Quarterly Review; refused Laureateship 1813; pub. historical novels anonymously as "the author of Waverley" until 1827; baronet ("Sir") 1820; bankrupt with Ballantyne 1826; struggled to pay debts; world-wide influence on historical novelists and nationalist romance writers.

 
Influences on Scott:

Thomas Percy. Reliques of Ancient English Poetry. 1765.
Maria Edgeworth, Castle Rackrent. Novel. 1800.
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Nuestra lectura de Walter Scott, en las fotocopias, es el capítulo 2 de Woodstock.


Una sección de un manual de literatura sobre Walter Scott.  
 
 
Y unas notas sobre "La novela histórica: Parámetros para su definición".




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Apuntes sobre The Novels of Jane Austen (and Fanny Burney)



Una conferencia sobre la época de Jane Austen de Fernando Galván, que ha sido presidente de la Asociación Española de Estudios Anglo-Norteamericanos (AEDEAN) y de la European Society for the Study of English (ESSE):








De Jane Austen tenemos como lectura, en las fotocopias, el principio de su novela Mansfield Park.







JANE AUSTEN     (1775-1817)

English realist novelist; b. Steventon, near Winchester; 7th child of the parish rector; lived unmarried with her family in Steventon, also in Bath 1801-5, then Hampshire and Winchester, novelist of genteel country families, of courtship and marriage, and fine psychological ironist on character, social appearances and manners.


_____. Northanger Abbey. Written 1790s, pub. 1818.
_____. Sense and Sensibility. Novel. London, 1811.
_____. Pride and Prejudice. Novel. 1813.
_____. Mansfield Park. Novel. 1814.  
_____. Emma. Novel. 1816.
_____. Persuasion. Novel. Written 1815-16, pub. 1818.
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- Some notes on Jane Austen (Short Oxford History of English Literature).



- Un documental de la UNED sobre Jane Austen (ENLACE AL VIDEO)



 

- Y una conferencia de Fernando Galván sobre la obra de Jane Austen.











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NIVEL AVANZADO:

- Una de las muchas películas basadas en las novelas de Jane Austen: Northanger Abbey


- Jane Austen y Walter Scott: NIVEL AVANZADO
 
 



Los autores anteriores, en el tema 3: literatura inglesa 1660-1800




 

Un blog sobre literatura inglesa (y norteamericana)

  Este blog fue utilizado como material auxiliar para una asignatura del grado de Lenguas Modernas en la Universidad de Zaragoza, asignatur...