domingo, 26 de diciembre de 2021
martes, 21 de diciembre de 2021
miércoles, 15 de diciembre de 2021
4. Literatura inglesa del siglo XIX
Terminamos,
con la unidad 4, nuestras lecciones presenciales sobre literatura
inglesa. Sigue la literatura inglesa en la Sección B (no presencial), unidad 6: literatura inglesa del siglo XX.
Algunos de los
manuales recomendados, pueden encontrarse en la web en PDF. Aquí hay
dos de ellos:
PDF
(The Short Oxford History of English
Literature)
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B9a3FSxKl6ZlV0dkUkJSWHR0dEU/view?usp=drivesdk
(M Alexander, A History of English Literature)
—pero es más que recomendable que compréis
manuales
y los tengáis para uso vuestro. La literatura norteamericana no está
incluida en estos manuales; se estudia en otros manuales, que
tenéis recomendados en el programa.
En el
blog iré poniendo materiales
adicionales, pero como pregunta de
tema para examen
entrarán únicamente los principales autores que aprarecen destacados en
el
programa, en negrita. Alguna pregunta corta sí que puede caer
sobre
autores del siglo XX, así como
traducción/comentario.
H. G. WELLS
(1866-1946)
_____. The Time
Machine.
Novel. 1895.
_____. The Island
of Doctor Moreau.
Novel. 1896.
_____. The Invisible Man. Novel.
1897.
_____. The War of
the Worlds.
SF novel. Serialized 1897.
_____. The First Men in the Moon.
Novel. 1901.
_____. The Food of the Gods.
Novel. 1904.
_____. Kipps. Novel. 1905.
_____. The War in the Air.
Novel. 1908.
_____. Ann
Veronica. Novel.
1909.
_____. Tono-Bungay.
Novel.
1909.
_____. A Short History of the World.
1922.
_____. The Shape
of Things to Come. New
York: Macmillan, 1935.
_____. The Mind
at the End of Its
Tether. 1945.
Herbert George Wells, b. lower middle class, Bromley;
British
man of letters, science fiction and realist fiction writer, reviewer
and man of
letters, and leading socialist intellectual; began as working class
teacher, married
cousin Isabel, divorce, married pupil Amy Catherine a.k.a. "Jane", a
wife tolerant of his sexual freedom, mother of 2 sons, Gip and Frank;
lover of novelist
Dorothy Richardson, of young Rosamund Bland; of novelist Violet Hunt;
had 1 illegitimate daughter, Anna Jane, with young
lover and 'New Woman' Amber Reeves, later Amber Blanco White; lover of young writer Rebecca West, had a
son by
her, Anthony West; lover of 'New Women' like countess Elizabeth von
Arnim,
Odette Keun, and Russian spy Baroness Moura Budberg; had very
many
other minor sexual affairs; public scandal
with
suicidal lover Hedwig Verena; apostle of free love and cult of
progress; Leninist
apologist, internationalist, linked early on to Fabian Socialism and later to League of
Nations
committees, travelled in Russia, France, Switzerland, Spain and the
USA, world-famous
man of letters and progressive international intellectual; Ph.D. U of
London 1943.
Profetas de la Ciencia Ficción: H.
G. Wells
Unos
apuntes sobre la obra de H.G.
Wells
H.G.
Wells: Una película sobre su vida. También un
documental biográfico.
Y aquí una
película "retrofuturista" basada en su novela Things
to Come.
En Mind
at the End of its Tether,
H. G. Wells reflexiona, al final de su vida, sobre la naturaleza y
límites de las ilusiones humanas como guías para la acción, y concluye
con un escepticismo desolador ante la muerte de las ilusiones que
sustentan el mundo en que vivimos—que tiene de ilusión colectiva más de
lo que solemos sospechar.
___________________
El 13 de diciembre seguiremos viendo escritores británicos del XIX: Tennyson, Hopkins y Wilde. A continuación, con H.G. Wells terminamos el tema 4 y volvemos atrás en el tiempo para tratar los comienzos de la literatura norteamericana.
Otros autores significativos de la época victoriana:
Thomas Carlyle - Past and
Present, The French Revolution
Matthew Arnold - Culture
and Anarchy
William Makepeace Thackeray
- Vanity Fair, Esmond,
Charlotte Brontë - Jane Eyre
Emily Brontë - Wuthering Heights
Robert Browning - Dramatic
Lyrics.
Elizabeth Barrett Browning- Sonnets from the Portuguese
Christina Rossetti - "Goblin Market"
Algernon Charles Swinburne - Poems
and Ballads, Chastelard
Thomas Hardy - Far from the
Madding Crowd, Jude the Obscure,
Lewis Carroll - Alice in Wonderland
Robert Louis Stevenson, Treasure
Island, Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde,
Rudyard Kipling - Kim, The Jungle Book
_____________________________
OSCAR
WILDE
(1854-1900)
Anglo-Irish writer and dandy, b. Dublin, st.
Trinity College, Dublin, and Magdalen College, Oxford; l. London;
journalist, poet, prose writer and dramatist, brilliant
conversationalist and socialite, m. Constance Lloyd 1884 (d. 1898);
loved Lord Alfred Douglas; imprisoned for homosexuality 1895-97; d.
Paris.
_____. Poems. 1881.
_____. The Duchess of Padua.
Tragedy. 1883.
_____. The Happy
Prince and Other
Tales. 1888.
_____. The
Picture of Dorian Gray.
Novel. 1890.
_____. Intentions.
Essays.
1891.
_____. Lord Arthur Savile's Crime
and Other Stories.
_____. A House of Pomegranates.
Stories. 1891.
_____. Lady Windermere's Fan.
Drama. 1892.
_____. Salomé. Drama. 1892.
_____. A Woman of No Importance. Drama.
1893.
_____. The Sphinx. Poem. 1894.
_____. Poems in Prose. 1894.
_____. An Ideal Husband.
Drama. 1895.
_____. The Importance of Being
Earnest. Comedy. 1895.
_____. The Ballad of Reading Gaol. 1898.
_____. Epistola:
In carcere et
vinculis / De Profundis. 1891. Memoir/letter to Lord
Alfred Douglas.
1896.
___________
- Una
introducción a Oscar Wilde (Some
notes on Oscar Wilde).
- Una conferencia de
Fernando Galván sobre Oscar Wilde.
- A
video tutorial on The Importance of Being Earnest.
_____________
NIVEL
AVANZADO: Oscar Wilde
Una buena película reciente sobre Wilde:
The
Happy Prince / La importancia de llamarse Oscar Wilde.
Y otra más antigua:
_____________
GERARD MANLEY HOPKINS
(1844-1889)
_____. "The Wreck of the Deutschland."
_____. "Pied Beauty."
_____. "The Kingfisher."
_____. "The Windhover."
_____. "God's Grandeur".
_____. "Carrion Comfort."
_____. "No Worst, There is None."
_____. "That Nature Is a Heraclitean Fire...."
All these in:
_____. Poems. Ed. Robert
Bridges. 1918.
Victorian poet, st. Oxford, converted to Catholicism after Newman,
became Jesuit priest, repressed homosexual, inner torments and acute
health problems, burnt early poems, spiritual poems were published
posthumously by Robert Bridges; proto-Modernist stylist, cultivated
'sprung rhythm'.
— Una
introducción a Hopkins.
___________
Nivel
AVANZADO:
-
Dos
conferencias sobre Gerard Manley Hopkins.
-
Una mesa redonda sobre Gerard
Manley Hopkins.
_______________
ALFRED LORD TENNYSON (1809-1892)
Tennyson, Alfred (Lord). Poems, Chiefly Lyrical. 1830.
_____. "The
Lady of Shalott." Poem. 1832, 1842.
_____. "Morte d'Arthur." Written 1833-38. In Poems. 1842.
_____. "Ulysses." Poem.
Written 1833, pub. in Poems. 1842.
_____. Poems. 1842
(including material from 1830 and 1832).
_____. The Princess. Poem.
1847.
_____. In
Memoriam A. H. H.
Poem. 1850.
_____. "Ode" on the Death of Wellington. 1852.
_____. "The Charge of the Light
Brigade." Poem. 1854.
_____. Maud, and other Poems. 1855.
_____. The Idylls
of the King. Poems.
1859-1885.
_____. Enoch Arden etc. Poems.
Moxon, 1864.
_____. The Holy Grail and Other
Poems. 1869.
_____. Queen Mary. Drama.
1875.
_____. Harold: A Drama. 1876.
_____. Ballads and Other Poems.
1880.
_____. The Falcon. 1884.
_____. The Cup. 1884.
_____. Becket. Drama. 1884.
_____. The Works of Alfred Tennyson,
Poet Laureate. 1884.
_____. Tiresias, and Other Poems. 1885.
_____. Demeter and other Poems.
1889.
______
Alfred, Lord Tennyson: Una
panorámica sobre su obra.
Canción de Loreena McKennitt sobre uno de los poemas artúricos de
Tennyson, The Lady of Shalott:
http://www.poetryfoundation.org/poem/174626
_________
Tennyson: NIVEL AVANZADO
_____________
Lo mejor del teatro inglés victoriano
son, posiblemente, las operetas cómicas de Gilbert &
Sullivan. Aquí una de ellas, Patience.
O quizá una película musical sobre otra opereta, The Pirates of Penzance. Se pueden oír
todas las operetas de Gilbert&Sullivan en YouTube.
____________________
Nuestros siguientes autores para esta última semana de noviembre son, de tres en tres:
- los poetas románticos Wordsworth, Keats y Byron
- los novelistas Mary Shelley, Dickens y George Eliot.
GEORGE ELIOT
(1819-1880)
George
Eliot, pseudonym of Mary Ann [later Marian] Evans, English
novelist, b. Warwickshire; quarrelled with her father on her leaving
the Church; self-taught in Continental writing and philosophy; went
through intellectual/erotic infatuations and love affairs with
intellectual men, some married;
assistant ed. of the Westminster Review 1851; lived with G. H.
Lewes c.
1854-1878; successful realist novelist and skeptic moralist; first
ostracised as scandalous and
then successful socialite; married young admirer John Walter Cross 1880
and died; left no children.
_____. trans. (unsigned). The
Life of Jesus, Critically Examined. By David Friedrich Strauss.
1846.
_____, trans. The Essence of
Christianity.
By Ludwig Feuerbach. London, 1854.
_____. Scenes of Clerical Life. Stories.
1857.
_____. Adam Bede.
Novel.
1859.
_____. The Mill on the Floss. Novel.
1860.
_____. Silas
Marner. Novel.
1861.
_____. Romola. Novel.
Serialized in the Cornhill Magazine.
1863.
_____. Felix Holt, the Radical.
Novel. 1866.
_____. Middlemarch:
A Study of
English Provincial Life. Novel. 1871/2.
_____. Daniel Deronda. Novel.
1874-76.
Apuntes
sobre George
Eliot.
Resumen de Middlemarch .
_______________________________
NIVEL AVANZADO:
George Eliot: A Scandalous Life
George
Eliot (audio at Oxford University).
A lecture by Rebecca Mead on George Eliot's
Middlemarch.
Uno de los amigos e inspiradores de George Eliot fue
Herbert Spencer. Aquí hay unanota sobre su influyente teoría de la evolución cósmica.
_______________________________
Empezaremos diciembre con Mary Shelley y Dickens.
Traed los textos a clase.
CHARLES DICKENS (1812-1870)
Victorian novelist, playwright and journalist; b. near Portsmouth; run-down middle-class family, son of a clerk in the Navy pay office, father imprisoned for debt, unhappy childhood experience when forced to work as a child in a factory, apprenticed clerk, stenographer at Parliament, journalist at the Morning Chronicle, married Catherine Hogarth; had many children; in love with sister-in-law, soon dead; lover of young actress Ellen Ternan, separated from wife Catherine 1858; world success and fortune as writer of serialized novels; friend of John Forster, Wilkie Collins, etc., energetic socialite and amateur actor; travels in USA and Italy; anti-slavery advocate in America, philanthropist and social reformer, launched periodicals (Household Words, Daily Mail), popular entertainer with public reading tours of his novels, d. of heart failure.
_____. Sketches by Boz. Serialized in Old Monthly Magazine. 1836-37.
_____. The Posthumous Papers of the Pickwick Club. Serialized novel. 1836-37.
_____. The Adventures of Oliver Twist. Novel. 1837-8.
_____. The Life and Adventures of Nicholas Nickleby. Novel. 1838-9.
_____. The Old Curiosity Shop. Novel. Serialized in Master Humphrey's Clock. 1840-41.
_____. Barnaby Rudge. Novel. Serialized in Master Humphrey's Clock. 1841.
_____. American Notes. 1842.
_____. A Christmas Carol. 1843. (Other Christmas stories in the 40s, 50s and 60s).
_____. Martin Chuzzlewit. Novel. 1844.
_____. Pictures from Italy. Travel book. 1846.
_____. Dombey and Son. Novel. 1846-1848.
_____. David Copperfield. Novel. Serialized 1849-1850.
_____. Bleak House. Novel. Serialized 1852-1853.
_____. Hard Times. Novel. Serialized in Household Words, 1854.
_____. Little Dorrit. Novel. Serialized 1855-1857.
_____. A Tale of Two Cities. Novel. 1859.
_____. Great Expectations. Novel. Serialized 1860-1861.
_____. Our Mutual Friend. Novel. 1864-5.
_____. The Mystery of Edwin Drood. Unfinished novel. 1870.
Life of Dickens —and main works—from the Oxford Companion to English Literature.
Cazamian on Dickens as a social novelist.
Charles Dickens (Victorian Values)—some notes from Stephen Coote's handbook.
_____________________________
Dickens en cine: Algunas películas
______________________________
__________________
MARY SHELLEY (1797-1851)
Mary Shelley, née Mary Godwin,
English woman of letters,
novelist and prose writer; daughter
of Mary
Wollstonecraft and William Godwin; m. Percy Bysshe Shelley 1816.
_____. (Anon. pub.). Frankenstein,or, The Modern Prometheus.
Novel. 1818.
_____. Valperga. Novel.
1821.
_____. The Last
Man. Novel.
1826.
_____. The Fortunes of Perkin
Warbeck. Novel. 1830.
_____. Lodore. Novel. 1835.
_____. Essays and Letters. 1839.
_____. Rambles in Germany and Italy.
Travel book. 1844.
Ballesteros, Antonio. "Mary Shelley y Frankenstein: La creación de un mito y suproyección en la literatura fantástica victoriana." Conferencia en la Fundación Juan March.
https://www.march.es/conferencias/anteriores/voz.aspx?p1=101521&l=1
Una pequeña introducción a Mary Shelley.
Sobre Mary Shelley y Frankenstein, nos remitiremos además a este documental de la serie "Profetas de la Ciencia Ficción".
_________________________________
NIVEL AVANZADO: Mary Shelley
La novela de Mary Shelley The Last Man, sobre una mortífera pandemia global que acaba con la humanidad, es modelo y precedente de toda una "plaga" de literatura pandémica y apocalíptica. En la Unidad 6 podéis leer sobre Jack London y "La Peste Escarlata." Con respecto a la actual pandemia del coronavirus, sin embargo, conviene tener en cuenta otros factores culturales e históricos. Véase por ejemplo este vídeo sobre control global y pandemia, que es de 2014—no de 2020. Esto también es, a su manera, literatura de anticipación.
Otra ficción reciente que recreaba un evento apocalíptico era The Road, de Cormac McCarthy. Aquí una nota sobre la novela, y la película.
____________________________________________
Mary Shelley's FRANKENSTEIN - A film directed by Kenneth Branagh (1994).
_____________________________
LORD BYRON
(George Gordon,
1788-1824)
George
Gordon Noel, Lord Byron, English romantic poet, b. London,
member of the Chamber of Lords; abandoned England 1816, travels in
Europe; Italy and Greece; libertine with innumerable erotic affairs, fascinated
and scandalized his social circle; friend of Shelley, fought vs. Turks
on Greek side pro independence, d. Missolunghi, Greece; individualist,
skeptic, hedonist, satirist of social conventions.
_____.
Hours
of Idleness.
Poems.
_____. Childe
Harold's Pilgrimage.
1812-1818.
_____. The Giaour. Verse
romance. 1813.
_____. The Corsair. Verse
romance. 1814.
_____. The Bride of Abydos.
Verse romance.
_____. "Darkness." Poem.
1816.
_____. Domestic Pieces. 1816.
_____. "Prometheus."
Poem.
1816.
_____. Manfred: A
Dramatic
Poem. 1817.
_____. Beppo. Verse
romance.
1818.
_____. Mazeppa. 1819.
_____. Don Juan,
an Epic Satire.
Satirical epic. 1818-23, pub. 1919-24.
_____. Cain. Tragedy. 1821.
_____. "The Vision of Judgment." Poem. 1822.
_____. "January 22nd. Missolonghi: On This Day I Complete my Thirty
Sixth Year." Poem. 1824.
Lord
Byron and his Childe Harold's Pilgrimage (BBC).
________________________________
NIVEL AVANZADO: Sobre la hija de Byron, Ada:
- Ada Lovelace, la primera programadora
________________________________
Nuestro siguientes autores serán dos poetas románticos, Wordsworth y Keats. Leeremos en clase de los dos, así que traed los textos.
JOHN KEATS (1795-1821)
English romantic poet; modest middle class
family, apprenticed and
licensed as apothecary 1816, met Leigh Hunt and
Shelley, travelled to the Lakes, Scotland and Ireland with Charles
Armitage Brown and settled with him 1817; in love with Fanny Brawne;
financial problems, suffered from tuberculosis, attacked by Lockhart
and other
reviewers; travelled to Italy, d. Rome. BIOGRAPHY OF JOHN
KEATS.
_____.
Poems
by John Keats.
London: Ollier, 1817.
_____. Endymion.
1818.
_____. "The Fall of Hyperion: A Dream." Fragmentary epic poem. 1819,
pub. 1857.
_____. "Ode to Autumn." pub. 1820 with:
_____. "Ode on Melancholy."
_____. "Ode on a Grecian Urn."
_____. "Ode to a Nightingale."
_____. Lamia, Isabella, The
Eve of
St. Agnes, and Other Poems. 1820.
_____. The Letters of John Keats, 1814-1821.
_______. "Why Did I Laugh Tonight?" 1819, pub. 1848.
_____________________
John
Keats (NIVEL AVANZADO)
______________________
NIVEL AVANZADO: Otros poetas románticos.
KUBLA KHAN —un célebre poema visionario de Samuel Taylor Coleridge.
Y de Percy Bysshe Shelley, "Ode to the West Wind".
______________________
WILLIAM WORDSWORTH (1770-1850)
English
romantic
poet; country middle-class childhood in
Cumbria, school with future wife Mary Hutchinson; orphaned as a boy,
left
Cambridge; fought for inheritance; radical youth, travelled to France
during
Revolution, 1 illegitimate secret child there, returned to England,
disillusioned
with Terror, depressed by personal and historical turmoils; friends and
german
travels with Samuel Taylor Coleridge; later friends with Walter Scott,
De
Quincey and Sir George Beaumont; married and lived in Grasmere, Lake
District,
with sister Dorothy and wife Mary (1802); 5 children with Mary, lost 2
children;
official position at the post office administration; later lived in the
South
and turned conservative Victorian sage, retired
in the Lake District, Ambleside; received legacies and help for his
poetry, pensioned
in 1842, then Poet Laureate 1843. Known for his poetry of the emotions,
of memories and of intensely-lived experience, expressed in a simpler
language reacting against 18th-c. poetic diction.
_____. Descriptive
Sketches. 1793.
_____. Lyrical
Ballads, with Pastoral and Other Poems. 1800. (With some
poems by S. T. Coleridge).
_____. The Prelude. 1st version, 1799; rev. 1805; 1st pub. in 3rd rev.
version, 1850.
_____. "Ode: Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of
Early
Childhood." 1802-4, pub. 1807.
_____. "Tintern Abbey."
_____. Poems. 1807. ("The Solitary Reaper")
_____. The Excursion. Poem. 1814.
_________________________
En nuestra Sección B, estamos ya en el último tema: 8. Literatura norteamericana desde 1960.
A principios de diciembre
tendréis ya en red todo el material para la sección B, temas
6-7-8.
____________________________
Con Mary Wollstonecraft cerramos el siglo XVIII; con Blake ya pasamos al XIX, y a continuación empezamos la Unidad 4 (Literatura inglesa del siglo XIX).
Primero Austen y Walter Scott—traed las lecturas—, y a continuación más poetas románticos:
Wordsworth, Keats, Byron, Mary
Shelley. Luego seguirán Dickens, George Eliot, Tennyson, Hopkins, Wilde
y Wells. Traed los textos por ese orden a clase.
Los textos van siendo
selecciones más largas de novelas, etc.; procurad asignaros (y
mantener) un horario para lecturas. La lectura sistemática con diccionario es imprescindible
para desarrollar el tipo de dominio de la lengua que puede aportar sólo
la literatura.
__________________
SECCIÓN B: En la sección B del programa, para estudio fuera de clase, vamos añadiendo ya los últimos autores del tema 8 y último—Literatura Norteamericana 1960-2000.
__________________
SIR WALTER SCOTT (1771-1832)
_____, ed. The Minstrelsy of the Scottish Border. 1802-3.
_____. The Lay of the Last Minstrel. Poem. 1805.
_____. Ballads and Lyrical Pieces. 1806.
_____. Marmion: A Tale of Flodden Field. Poem. 1808.
_____. The Lady of the Lake. Poem. 1810.
_____. Rokeby. Poem. 1813.
_____. Waverley, or 'Tis Sixty Years Since. Novel. 1814.
_____. Guy Mannering, or, The Astrologer. Novel. 1815.
_____. The Field of Waterloo. Poem. 1815.
_____. The Antiquary. Novel. 1816.
_____. Old Mortality. Novel. 1816.
_____. Rob Roy. Novel. 1817.
_____ . The Heart of Midlothian. Novel. 1818.
_____. Tales of My Landlord: Third Series. (The Bride of Lammermoor and A Legend of Montrose). Novels. 1819.
_____. Ivanhoe, a Romance. Novel. 1819.
_____. The Monastery, A Romance. 1820.
_____. Kenilworth: A Romance. 1821.
_____. The Pirate. Novel. 1821.
_____. The Fortunes of Nigel. Novel. 1822.
_____. Quentin Durward. Novel. 1823.
_____. Redgauntlet, A Tale of the Eighteenth Century. Novel. 1824.
_____. Tales of the Crusaders (The Betrothed and The Talisman). 1825.
_____. Woodstock; or, The Cavalier. Novel. 1826.
Walter Scott, Scottish novelist, poet and scholar; st. law at Edinburgh U, bar 1792; m. Margaret Charlotte Charpentier 1797; successful poet, printer with James Ballantyne; contributor to Edinburgh Review; built Abbotsford mansion; promoted Tory Quarterly Review; refused Laureateship 1813; pub. historical novels anonymously as "the author of Waverley" until 1827; baronet ("Sir") 1820; bankrupt with Ballantyne 1826; struggled to pay debts; world-wide influence on historical novelists and nationalist romance writers.
Influences on Scott:
Thomas Percy. Reliques of Ancient English Poetry. 1765.
Maria Edgeworth, Castle Rackrent. Novel. 1800.
Una sección de un manual de literatura sobre Walter Scott.
_____________________
Apuntes sobre The Novels of Jane Austen (and Fanny Burney)
Una conferencia sobre la época de Jane Austen de Fernando Galván, que ha sido presidente de la Asociación Española de Estudios Anglo-Norteamericanos (AEDEAN) y de la European Society for the Study of English (ESSE):
De Jane Austen tenemos como lectura, en las fotocopias, el principio de su novela Mansfield Park.
JANE AUSTEN (1775-1817)
English realist novelist; b. Steventon, near Winchester; 7th child of the parish rector; lived unmarried with her family in Steventon, also in Bath 1801-5, then Hampshire and Winchester, novelist of genteel country families, of courtship and marriage, and fine psychological ironist on character, social appearances and manners.
_____. Northanger Abbey. Written 1790s, pub. 1818.
_____. Sense and Sensibility. Novel. London, 1811.
_____. Pride and Prejudice. Novel. 1813.
_____. Mansfield Park. Novel. 1814.
_____. Emma. Novel. 1816.
_____. Persuasion. Novel. Written 1815-16, pub. 1818.
- Some notes on Jane Austen (Short Oxford History of English Literature).
- Un documental de la UNED sobre Jane Austen (ENLACE AL VIDEO)
- Y una conferencia de Fernando Galván sobre la obra de Jane Austen.
_______
- Jane Austen y Walter Scott: NIVEL AVANZADO
lunes, 29 de noviembre de 2021
Mary Shelley's FRANKENSTEIN (NIVEL AVANZADO)
Mary Shelley's Frankenstein. Dir. Kenneth Branagh. Screenplay by Steph Lady and Frank Darabont, based on Mary Shelley's novel.
Prod. Francis Ford Coppola, James V. Hart, John Veitch. Coprod. Kenneth Branagh, David Parfitt. Prod. design Tim Harvey. Photog. dir. Robert Pratt. Ed. Andrew Marcus. Costumes by James Acheson. Music: Patrick Doyle.
Cast: Robert de Niro, Kenneth Branagh, Hom Hulce, Helena Bonham Carter, Aidan Quinn, Ian Holm, Richard Briers, John Cleese. Cherie Lunghi, Treuyn McDowell.
TriStar Pictures / Japan Satellite Broadcasting / The Indie Prod. Company / American Zoetrope, 1994.
lunes, 22 de noviembre de 2021
3. LITERATURA INGLESA 1660-1800
Yendo un poco más deprisa, intentaremos ver (o al menos nombrar en clase... a tres autores del programa cada día. El 22 de noviembre, a Gray, Johnson y Blake; y el 23 terminamos el tema 3 con Wollstonecraft, y pasamos al 4 con Austen y Scott.
________________________
Mary Wollstonecraft (1759-1797)
English woman of letters,
philosopher and novelist, political thinker and educationist, major
theorist of feminism. Born in London, unhappy childhood with brutal
improvident father; loved Fanny Blood; self-educated schoolteacher,
Dissenter, frequented Unitarian and radical circles, hack writer for
Joseph Johnson, unhappy infatuation with Henry Fuseli; feminist and
radical activist; travelled to France during Revolution, met Gilbert
Imlay, had illegitimate daughter Fanny Imlay; rejected and exploited by
Imlay, travelled to Scandinavia as his business agent, attempted
suicide in Putney Bridge, rescued; friendship and marriage with William
Godwin, died after giving birth to daughter Mary Godwin [later Mary
Shelley]. As a feminist writer, she emphasizes the importance of
education in modelling character and socially promoting the equality of
women, rather than the straightforward demand of political rights for
women.
_____. Thoughts on the Education of
Daughters. 1787.
_____. Original Stories.
Children's book. 1788.
_____. Mary: A Fiction.
1788.
_____, ed. The Female
Reader. 1789.
_____. A Vindication of the Rights
of Men. 1790.
_____. A Vindication of the Rights of
Woman. 1792.
_____. An
Historical and Moral View.
. . of the French
Revolution. 1794.
_____. Letters Written During a
Short Residence in Denmark, Norway and
Sweden. 1796.
_____. Maria, or The Wrongs of Woman.
Unfinished novel. In
Posthumous Works, 1798.
Nuestra lectura de Mary Wollstonecraft es una selección de Vindication
of the Rights of Woman (en las fotocopias).
Aquí una presentación sobre
Mary Wollstonecraft como filósofa feminista: una pequeña lección de la
UNED (audio) sobre Mary Wollstonecraft
y su Vindication of the Rights of Woman.
Y una biografía de Mary Wollstonecraft (audio-vídeo).
Lady Macbeth sonámbula, un cuadro de uno de los
amados de Mary Wollstonecraft, el pintor romántico Henry Fuseli.
Dr Kat on Mary Wollstonecraft:
Political writers of the 1790s:
Edmund Burke. Conciliation with the American Colonies. 1775.
_______. Reflections on the
Revolution in France. 1790.
Richard
Price. Observations on Civil Liberty. 1776.
William Godwin. Political Justice. 1793.
__________________
NIVEL AVANZADO:
Mary Wollstonecraft and William Godwin.
__________________
_____________
Obras de William Blake (1757-1827):
_____. Songs of Innocence. 1789.
_____. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell. c.1790-93.
_____. America: A Prophecy. 1793.
_____. Visions of the Daughters of Albion. 1793.
_____. Songs of Experience. 1794. ("The Clod and the Pebble"; "London")
_____. The Book of Urizen. Poem. 1794.
_____. Europe: A Prophecy. 1794.
_____. The Book of Los. Poem. 1795.
_____. The Four Zoas (Orig. Vala), written and rev. 1797-1804.
_____. "Auguries of Innocence." 1803.
_____. Milton, a Poem in Two
Books.
1804-8.
_____.
Jerusalem:
The Emanation of
the Giant Albion. 1804-20.
_____. "The
Everlasting Gospel." 1818.
William Blake y sus grabados en Google Images.
De Blake tenemos en la selección de
lecturas unos poemas: "The Clod and the Pebble", "London", y "Auguries
of Innocence".
- Un audio de la BBC sobre Songs of Innocence & Songs of Experience de William Blake. (Este programa de la BBC 4, In Our Time, es una excelente idea añadirlo a vuestros favoritos para practicar inglés con temas de interés cultural).
_____________
NIVEL
AVANZADO: A video documentary on William Blake
_____________
Samuel Johnson (1709-1784)
_____. "London, A Poem in Imitation of the Third Satire of Juvenal." 1738.
_____. "The Vanity of Human Wishes: The Tenth Satire of Juvenal Imitated." 1749.
_____. The Rambler. London, 1750-2.
_____. A Dictionary of the English Language: In Which the Words are Deduced from Their Originals, and Illustrated in Their Different Significations by Examples from the Best Writers. 2 vols. London, 1755.
_____. The Idler. Periodical. 1758-60.
_____. The History of Rasselas, Prince of Abisinia. Novel. 1759.
_____, ed. The Plays of William Shakespeare, with Notes, etc. 1765. ("Preface to Shakespeare")
_____. Lives of the English Poets. 1778-1780.
_____. Prayers and Meditations. 1785.
Prose in the Age of Reason (Anthony Burgess).
Dos conferencias: Johnson y Boswell.
De Johnson tenemos una selección de lecturas en las fotocopias.
_______________________
NIVEL AVANZADO:
- The
Age of Johnson (video lecture)
- Un documental sobre Samuel Johnson: https://youtu.be/IpVP8ezoVlM
- Samuel
Johnson as critic (video lectures).
From Johnson's Club:
James Boswell. The Life of Samuel Johnson. 1791.
Oliver Goldsmith, The Citizen of the World. Essays. 1760s.
_____. The Vicar of Wakefield. Novel. 1766.
_____. The Deserted Village.
Poem. 1770.
_____. She Stoops to Conquer. Drama. 1771.
________________
Thomas Gray
(1716-1771)
_____. "Ode on the Spring." 1742.
_____. "Ode to Adversity." 1742.
_____. "Ode on a Distant Prospect of
Eton College." 1742.
_____. "Elegy
Written in a Country
Churchyard." Written 1742-50. Pub.
1751.
_____. "The Progress of Poesy." Ode. Written. 1754. Pub. 1757.
_____. "The Bard." Ode. Written 1754-57. Pub. 1757.
_____. "The Triumphs of Owen." Poem. Written c. 1764. Pub. 1768.
_____. "The Fatal Sisters. From the Norse Tongue." Poem. Written
1761. Pub. 1768.
_____. "The Descent of Odin." Poem. Poem. Written 1761. Pub. 1768.
_____. Poems. 1768. 1775.
_____. Journal in the Lakes.
Written 1769, pub. 1775.
_____. Journal in France.
Written 1739. Posthumous.
Leeremos de Gray el poema incluido en las fotocopias, "Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard".
_______________
Other poets of the "age of
sensibility", the Graveyard School and pre-Romantics:
James Thomson, The Seasons. 1730.
Edward Young, Night Thoughts. 1745.
William Collins, "Ode to Evening." 1746.
William Cowper, The Task. 1775.
____. "The Castaway". 1799.
James MacPherson. The Works of Ossian son of Fingal. 1765.
Thomas
Chatterton. Poems, Supposed to Have Been Written at Bristol, by
Thomas Rowley. 1777.
_____________
NIVEL
AVANZADO: Gray y sus coetáneos
_____________
15 de noviembre: Textos de Defoe y Swift
16 de noviembre: El plan es hablar de Richardson, Fielding y Sterne. Si llegamos a tanto, pero hay que ir deprisa.
Mientras,
En la sección B (Siglo XX, estudio fuera de aula) seguimos añadiendo materiales, ya para dar fin a la Unidad 7.
____________________________________
Laurence Sterne (1713-1768)
English novelist, b. Ireland, studied in
Cambridge; Anglican priest in Yorkshire, unfortunate and scandalous
marriage; follower of Rabelais and Cervantes; of Burton, Locke and
Swift; satirical and sentimental prose writer, humourist student of
character and experimental psychological novelist; parodist of pedantry
and erudition combined with sexual allusions; he often appears as
'Yorick' in his works; success with Tristram Shandy, unhappy
love story with 'Eliza'; travelled in Europe with poor health.
_____. A Political Romance. 1759.
_____. The
Life
and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman. Novel. 9 vols. 1759-67.
_____. Sermons. 7 vols.
1760-1769.
_____. A Sentimental Journey through
France and Italy, by Mr Yorick. Travel book. 1761.
_____. Letters from Yorick to Eliza.
1773.
Some introductory notes on Sterne.
Tenemos en las fotocopias una
selección de páginas de Tristram Shandy.
_________________________________
NIVEL AVANZADO:
- Daiches on Sterne
- La aporía temporal de Tristram Shandy
Otros novelistas significativos de finales del siglo XVIII son:
Frances Burney, Evelina. 1778.
_____. Cecilia. 1782.
- Tobias Smollett (Humphry Clinker)
- Ann Radcliffe (The Mysteries of
Udolpho)
- William Godwin (Caleb Williams)
HENRY FIELDING (1707-1754)
_____. The Author's Farce And the Pleasures of the Town. 1730.
_____. The Tragedy of Tragedies, or Tom Thumb the Great. 1731.
_____. The Covent Garden Tragedy. 1732.
_____. The Mock Doctor. 1732. Adaptation of Molière's Le Médecin Malgré Lui.
_____. The Miser. 1733. Adaptation of Molière's L'Avare.
_____. Don Quixote in England. Comedy. 1736.
_____. Pasquin. Farce. 1737.
_____. The Historical Register for the Year 1736. Farce. 1737.
_____. The Champion. Periodical. 1739.
_____. (Attr.). An Apology for the Life of Mrs Shamela Andrews, etc., by Conny Keyber. Parody. 1741.
_____. The History of the Adventures of Joseph Andrews, and of His Friend Mr Abraham Adams: Written in Imitation of the Manner of Cervantes, Author of "Don Quixote". Novel. 1742.
_____. A Journey from this World to the Next. Menippean satire. In Miscellanies.Vol. 2. 1743.
_____. The Life of Mr. Jonathan Wild the Great. Novel. In Fielding, Miscellanies. Vol. 3. 1743.
_____. The True Patriot. Periodical. 1745-46.
_____. The History of Tom Jones, a Foundling. Novel. 1749.
_____. Amelia. Novel. 1751.
_____. The Covent-Garden Journal. Periodical. 1752.
_____. Proposal for Making an Effectual Provision for the Poor. 1753.
_____. A Journal of a Voyage to Lisbon. 1754.
Fielding was an English novelist, dramatist and journalist; gentleman; st. Leiden; lawyer and anti-Walpole satirist; social reformer; novelist "in the style of Cervantes"; Westminster magistrate, severe illness, d. Lisbon. Some notes here.
En las fotocopias hay una selección de capítulos de Tom Jones (I.1-5, pp. 51-61; I.9-10, 144-49; VII.1-3, 299-305)
NIVEL AVANZADO: An audio introduction to Tom Jones.
_________________
SAMUEL RICHARDSON
(1689-1761)
Major English novelist, began as London printer
apprentice, later prosperous self-made businessman; family man,
distressed by death of many children and wife; remarried, had nervous
disorders; master printer of London and bourgeois novelist; developed
sentimental epistolary novel with psychological and "feminist" interest.
_____. Letters Written to and
for
Particular Friends, on the most important Occasions. Directing not only
the Requisite Style and Forms to be observed in Writing Familiar
Letters; but how to think and act justly and prudently, in the common
Concerns of Human Life. 1741.
_____. [Unsigned] Pamela,
or Virtue Rewarded. Novel. 1740.
_____. Pamela in Her Exalted
Condition. Novel. 1741.
_____. Clarissa,
or, The History of a Young Lady. Novel. 8 vols.
1747-48.
_____. The History of Sir Charles
Grandison. Novel. 1753-4.
Tenéis
en las fotocopias una selección de Pamela
(letters i-xii, pp. 43-57)
Some notes here:
AN INTRODUCTION TO SAMUEL RICHARDSON
________________________
NIVEL AVANZADO
Un audio de la BBC (In Our Time) sobre Epistolary
Fiction.
_____________________________
A Yahoo:
Jonathan Swift (1667-1745).
_____. The Battle of the Books.
_____. A Tale of a Tub. Satire. Written 1696-8. Pub.1704, 1710.
_____, ed. The Examiner (Bolingbroke’s Tory newspaper). 1710. Written 1696-8. Pub. 1704.
_____. Journal to Stella. 1710-1713. Pub. 1766-8.
_____. Proposal for the Universal Use of Irish Manufacture. Pamphlet. 1720.
_____. Travels into Several Remote Nations of the World, by Lemuel Gulliver. Written 1721-25. London, 1726. (a.k.a. Gulliver's Travels)
_____. The Drapier's Letters. Pamphlet series. 1724.
_____. A Modest Proposal for Preventing the Children of Poor People from Being a Burthen to Their Parents or Country. 1729.
_____. "Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift." Satire. 1731, pub. 1739.
_____. Works. 4 vols. Dublin: George Faulkner, 1735.
Some notes on Swift and on other prose writers of the early 18th c.
_______________
NIVEL AVANZADO: A lecture on Jonathan Swift's life and world.
Cazamian: Universal Criticism: Arbuthnot and Swift
_______________
Daniel Defoe (1660-1731) (Daniel Foe to 1695)
_____. An Essay upon Projects. 1697.
_____. Enquiry into the Occasional Conformity of Dissenters. Pamphlet. 1698.
_____. Legion's Memorial to the House of Commons. Pamphlet. 1701.
_____. The True-Born Englishman. Satirical poem. 1701.
_____. The Shortest Way with the Dissenters. Hoax pamphlet. 1702.
_____. Hymn to the Pillory. Satirical poem. 1702.
_____. The Review. Journalism. 1704-13.
_____. True Relation of the Apparition of one Mrs. Veal. Tale. 1706.
_____. Mercator, or Commerce Retriev'd. Journal. 1713-14.
_____. The Life and Strange Surprizing Adventures of Robinson Crusoe,of York, Mariner. Memoir novel. 1719.
_____. The Farther Adventures of Robinson Crusoe: Being the Second and Last Part of his Life. Narrative. 1719.
_____. Serious Reflections during the Life and Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe: With his Vision of the Angelick World. 1720.
_____. The Memoirs of a Cavalier. Memoir novel. 1720.
_____. Captain Singleton. Memoir novel. 1720.
_____. The Fortunes and Misfortunes of the Famous Moll Flanders. Memoir novel. 1722.
_____. Colonel Jacque. Memoir novel. 1722.
_____. A Journal of the Plague Year. Apocryphal memoir. 1722.
_____. Religious Courtship. Moral treatise. 1722.
_____. Roxana, The Fortunate Mistress. Memoir novel. 1724.
_____. A Tour Through the Whole Island of Great Britain. Guide book. 3 vols. 1724-26.
_____. The Complete English Tradesman. Non-fiction. 1726.
_____. A Plan of the English Commerce. Non-fiction. 1728.
_____. The Complete English Gentleman. Non-fiction. 1729, pub. 1890.
_______________________
Some notes on Daniel Defoe and his works.
Un clásico del cine aragonés sobre la novela más famosa de Defoe. Robinson Crusoe, de Luis Buñuel (1952).
Una introducción panorámica a la historia y expansión del Imperio Británico.
________________________
Alexander Pope:
Some works by
ALEXANDER POPE (1688-1744)
(English poet, son of a Catholic businessman; small and crook-backed, poor health; l. unmarried in Twickenham; Catholic/deist, associated first with Whigs and soon with Scriblerus club of Tory satirists; friend of Gay, Swift, Arbuthnot, Bolingbroke; quarrelsome man of letters, conservative Tory critic of men and manners; neoclassical model in English poetry after Dryden)
_____. Pastorals. 1709.
_____. An Essay on Criticism. 1711.
_____. The Rape of the Lock. First version. 1712. Enlarged ed. 1714.
_____. "Windsor Forest." 1713.
_____, trans. Iliad. 1715-20.
_____. "Epistle of Eloisa to Abelard." Poem. 1717.
_____. The Works. 1717.
_____. "Preface to The Works of Shakespear." 1725.
_____, trans. Odyssey. 1725-26. (In collaboration)
_____. Peri Bathous or, The Art of Sinking in Poetry. 1727.
_____. The Dunciad. books I-III. 1728-1743.
_____. Essay on Man. 1733-1734. (Epistle I)
_____. Epistle to Dr. Arbuthnot. Poem. 1735.
_____. Imitations of Horace. 1737.
Introductory notes to Pope.
An introduction to The Essay on Man.
__________
NIVEL AVANZADO:
Pope and his elder contemporaries in verse (Saintsbury)
___________________
SARAH EGERTON (1670-1723)
Sarah Fyge Egerton, née Sarah Fyge, English poet of the Dryden school, outspoken feminist, precocious writer, teenage feminist; sent to the country by her parents to repress her, forced to marry Edward Field, widow, m. cousin Reverend Thomas Egerton, unsuccessfuly sued for divorce, loved Henry Pierce, object of scandal and public ridicule, forgotten as a poet and recovered by feminist critics in the 20th century.
_____. (anon.). The Female Advocate or, an Answer to a Late Satyr Against the Pride, Lust and Inconstancy, c. of Woman. Written by a Lady in Vindication of her Sex. 1686. (A verse satire published in response to Robert Gould's misogynist satire, A Late Satyr Against the Pride, Lust, and Inconstancy, etc. of Woman, 1682).
_____. (signed S. F.). Poems on Several Occasions, Together with a Pastoral… 1703.
_____. "The Emulation." http://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poems/emulation
Sarah Egerton: The Emulation
Say, tyrant Custom, why must we obey
The impositions of thy haughty sway?
From the first dawn of life unto the grave,
Poor womankind's in every state a slave,
The nurse, the mistress, parent and the swain,
For love she must, there's none escape that pain.
Then comes the last, the fatal slavery:
The husband with insulting tyranny
Can have ill manners justified by law,
For men all join to keep the wife in awe.
Moses, who first our freedom did rebuke,
Was married when he writ the Pentateuch.
They're wise to keep us slaves, for well they know,
If we were loose, we should soon make them so.
We yield like vanquished kings whom fetters bind,
When chance of war is to usurpers kind;
Submit in form; but they'd our thoughts control,
And lay restraints on the impassive soul.
They fear we should excel their sluggish parts,
Should we attempt the sciences and arts;
Pretend they were designed for them alone,
So keep us fools to raise their own renown.
Thus priests of old, their grandeur to maintain,
Cried vulgar eyes would sacred laws profane;
So kept the mysteries behind a screen:
Their homage and the name were lost had they been seen.
But in this blessèd age such freedom's given,
That every man explains the will of heaven;
And shall we women now sit tamely by,
Make no excursions in philosophy,
Or grace our thoughts in tuneful poetry?
We will our rights in learning's world maintain;
Wit's empire now shall know a female reign.
Come, all ye fair, the great attempt improve,
Divinely imitate the realms above:
There's ten celestial females govern wit,
And but two gods that dare pretend to it.
And shall these finite males reverse their rules?
No, we'll be wits, and then men must be fools.
___________________________
Otras autoras feministas de la Restauración y 1700 (NIVEL AVANZADO)
________________________
Nuestros primeros autores en este tema, el 8 de noviembre, serán Milton, Rochester y Dryden
JOHN DRYDEN (1631-1700)
English man of letters, b. Aldwinkle, Northamptonshire; st. Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge; Parliamentarian protestant background, soon Anglican Royalist courtier, converted to catholicism 1686; successful playwright, Poet Laureate 1668; Historiographer 1670; Tory satirist and polemicist vs. Whigs; lost jobs in 1688 Revolution; then jacobite; neoclassical critic and translator; influential dramatist, poet and critic, d. London; buried at Westminster Abbey after some grotesque incidents.
_____. "A Poem upon the Death of His Late Highness, Oliver, Lord Protector of England, Scotland, and Ireland." 1659.
_____. Astraea Redux. A Poem on the Happy Restoration and Return of his Sacred Majesty Charles the Second. Poem. 1660.
_____. "To His Sacred Majesty, A Panegyrick on his Coronation." 1661.
_____. The Rival Ladies. Tragicomedy. 1664.
_____. The Indian Emperor, or The Conquest of Mexico by the Spaniards. Heroic drama. 1665.
_____. Annus Mirabilis, The Year of wonders, 1666. An Historical Poem: containing the Progress and various Successes of our Naval War with Holland, under the Conduct of His Highness Prince Rupert (...) And describing the Fire of London. 1667.
_____. The Tempest, or The Enchanted Island. Operatic adaptation, with William Davenant. 1667, pr. 1670.
_____. Of Dramatic Poesy: An Essay. 1668.
_____. Tyrannick love, or , The Royal Martyr. Heroic play 1669.
_____. Almanzor and Almahide, or The Conquest of Granada. Heroic play. 2 parts, 1669, 1670. Pub. 1672.
_____. Marriage à la Mode. Comedy 1672.
_____. Aureng-Zebe. Heroic play. 1676.
_____. All for Love; or, The World Well Lost. Tragedy. 1677, pr. 1678.
_____. Mac-Flecknoe, or A Satyr upon the True-Blew-Protestant Poet, T. S. [Thomas Shadwell] Satire. 1676, pub. 1682.
_____. The Spanish Fryar, or The Double Discovery. Tragicomedy. 1680.
_____. (Anon.) Absalom and Achitophel. (1st part). Satirical poem. 1681.
_____. The Medall. A Satyre against Sedition. By the Author of Absalom and Achitophel. Poem. 1682.
_____. Religio Laici. Poem. 1682.
_____. To the Pious Memory of Mrs. Anne Killigrew. Poem. 1686.
_____. The Hind and the Panther. A Poem. 1687.
_____. Song for St. Cecilia's Day. 1687. Set by Draghi in 1687.
_____. King Arthur or The British Worthy. Dramatic opera. Music by Purcell. 1691.
_____, trans. Aeneis. By Virgil. 1697.
_____. Fables Ancient and Modern, Translated into Verse from Homer, Virgil, Boccacce, and Chaucer. 1699.
Dryden, John, and William Soames, trans. Art Poétique. By Boileau. 1683.
Cosas de Dryden:
- Unas notas sobre su figura y obra... la primera mitad puede que os sirva, el resto es NIVEL AVANZADO.
- John Dryden y sus colaboraciones musicales.
________________
NIVEL AVANZADO: Restoration drama.
- Purcell — Dido and Aeneas
Este siglo aparece la ópera. Purcell es quizá el mayor compositor inglés. Aquí otra versión reciente de Dido & Aeneas.
- The Theatre of the Restoration — notes from A History of English Literature, by Legouis and Cazamian.
_____________________
John Wilmot, Earl of Rochester (1647-1680)
2nd Earl of Rochester, b. Ditchley, Oxfordshire, son of the 1st Earl of Rochester; scandalous court wit and erotic poet under Charles II, rake and hooligan; destroyed his health through drink and sex; atheist and misanthropist, skeptic philosophical poet, libertine converted to Christian devotion before his death, d. London.
_____. "A Satyr against Reason and Mankind." Satire.
_____. "The Imperfect Enjoyment." Poem.
_____. "The Disabled Debauchee." Poem.
_____. Poems on Several Occasions... 1680.
_____. "Upon Nothing." 1711.
________________________
Esta es la página de Rochester en Luminarium—con obras, crítica, etc. Es especialmente recomendable la Satire against Reason and Mankind.
Unas notas complementarias sobre Rochester.
Una breve biografía y algunas obras de Milton. Por cierto, bibliografías más completas de todos estos autores se encuentran en http://bit.ly/abiblio
JOHN MILTON (1608-1674)
English poet, son of a London musician and scrivener; studied in Christ's College, Cambridge, BA 1628, MA 1632; turned vs. Anglicanism, then private study at father's house in Buckinghamshire; tour of Italy late 30s; private tutor and active Protestant pamphleteer and polemicist in London; married Mary Powell, of Royalist family, 1643, estranged for some time, advocated divorce; reconciliation with wife; austere and authoritarian patriarch, militant masculinist,
Independent critic of Presbyterians, Latin secretary to the Commonwealth, supported regicide, apologist of Cromwell; blind 1652; wife died after childbirth, son died, 3 surviving daughters; m. Katharine Woodcock, died after childbirth; m. Elizabeth Minshull after Restoration (no surviving children from later wives);
Milton protected Royalists under war and Commonwealth and was protected by Davenant and Marvell after the Restoration: fined but pardoned; abandoned political activity, private life as man of letters, historian, theologian and neoclassical poet, helped by his family and visitors, organ player for recreation.
Early works:
_____."On the Morning of Christ's Nativity. Compos'd 1629." Ode. In Poems. 1645.
_____. "On Shakespeare" Sonnet. 1630.
_____. "L'Allegro" /"Il Penseroso." Poems. c. 1631.
_____. Comus. Masque. 1634.
_____. "Lycidas." Pastoral elegy. 1637.
_____. Poems / of / Mr. John Milton, / both / English and Latin, / Compos'd at Several Times. / 1645.
Middle Works
_____. Of Reformation Touching Church Discipline in England. 1641.
_____. The Reason of Church Government Urg'd Against Prelaty, by Mr. John Milton. 1641-42.
_____. The Doctrine and Discipline of Divorce. 1643.
_____. Areopagitica: A Speech of Mr John Milton For the Liberty of Unlicenc'd Printing, To the Parliament of England. 1644.
_____. "On the new forcers of Conscience under the Long PARLIAMENT." Expanded sonnet. c. 1646.
_____. The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates. 1649.
_____. EIKONOCLASTES. 1649.
_____. Pro populo Anglicano Defensio. Political pamphlet. 1651.
_____. "Cromwell, our Chief of Men." Sonnet. Pub. 1694.
_____. "When I Consider How My Light Is Spent." Sonnet. c. 1652.
_____. "On the late Massacher in Piedmont." Sonnet. 1655.
_____. "Methought I saw my late espoused Saint." Sonnet. 1658.
Late works:
_____. PARADISE LOST. Epic poem in 10 books, 1667. Rev. in 12 books, 1674.
_____. History of Britain. 1670.
_____. PARADISE / REGAIN'D. / A / POEM. / In IV BOOKS. / To which is added / SAMSON AGONISTES. 1671.
__________
John Milton: Paradise Lost
From Book 1
Of Man's first disobedience, and the fruit
Of that forbidden tree whose mortal taste
Brought death into the World, and all our woe,
With loss of Eden, till one greater Man
Restore us, and regain the blissful Seat,
Sing, Heavenly Muse, that, on the secret top
Of Oreb, or of Sinai, didst inspire
That shepherd who first taught the chosen seed
In the beginning how the heavens and earth
Rose out of Chaos: or, if Sion hill
Delight thee more, and Siloa's brook that flowed
Fast by the oracle of God, I thence
Invoke thy aid to my adventurous song,
That with no middle flight intends to soar
Above th' Aonian mount, while it pursues
Things unattempted yet in prose or rhyme.
And chiefly Thou, O Spirit, that dost prefer
Before all temples th' upright heart and pure,
Instruct me, for Thou know'st; Thou from the first
Wast present, and, with mighty wings outspread,
Dove-like sat'st brooding on the vast Abyss,
And mad'st it pregnant: what in me is dark
Illumine, what is low raise and support;
That, to the height of this great argument,
I may assert Eternal Providence,
And justify the ways of God to men.
________________________
Materiales sobre John Milton en Internet abundan:
- "John Milton (1608-1674)." en Luminarium.
http://www.luminarium.org/sevenlit/milton/
- Spark Notes: Paradise Lost
http://www.sparknotes.com/poetry/paradiselost/
—y un audio de la BBC de Adam Nicolson.
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